DELAY OF GRATIFICATION IN CHILDREN
DELAY OF GRATIFICATION IN CHILDREN
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DOI：
10.1126/science.2658056
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发表时间：
1989-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
RODRIGUEZ, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MISCHEL, W;SHODA, Y;RODRIGUEZ, ML
为了有效地发挥作用，个人必须自愿推迟即时满足，并为了以后的结果而坚持目标导向的行为。本研究分析了这种未来导向型自我控制的本质及其背后的心理过程，发现早在学龄前就存在自我控制的持久个体差异。在某些实验室环境中，那些延迟满足时间更长的4岁儿童发展成为认知能力和社会能力更强的青少年，取得更好的学习成绩，更好地应对挫折和压力。同一研究项目中的实验还确定了特定的认知和注意力过程，这些过程允许在发展过程的早期进行有效的自我调节。实验结果，反过来，指定了特定类型的学前延迟情况诊断预测方面的认知和社会能力以后的生活。
To function effectively, individuals must voluntarily postpone immediate gratification and persist in goal-directed behavior for the sake of later outcomes. The present research program analyzed the nature of this type of future-oriented self-control and the psychological processes that underlie it. Enduring individual differences in self-control were found as early as the preschool years. Those 4-year-old children who delayed gratification longer in certain laboratory situations developed into more cognitively and socially competent adolescents, achieving higher scholastic performance and coping better with frustration and stress. Experiments in the same research program also identified specific cognitive and attentional processes that allow effective self-regulation early in the course of development. The experimental results, in turn, specified the particular types of preschool delay situations diagnostic for predicting aspects of cognitive and social competence later in life.