Contrasting Features of the July 2018 Heavy Rainfall Event and the 2017 Northern Kyushu Rainfall Event in Japan
Contrasting Features of the July 2018 Heavy Rainfall Event and the 2017 Northern Kyushu Rainfall Event in Japan
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2018年7月日本强降雨事件与2017年九州北部降雨事件的对比特征
DOI：
10.2151/jmsj.2020-045
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Takayabu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Tsuji;C. Yokoyama;Y. Takayabu
对影响日本九州北部地区的两次强降雨事件——2018年7月强降雨事件（2018年案例）和2017年九州北部降雨事件（2017年案例）的降水特征及其环境进行了比较。这两次事件都发生在梅雨季节后期，在热带气旋过境之后，位于副热带急流南侧以及对流层上层槽的前侧。然而，在这些案例之间观察到了截然不同的降水特性和环境。在2018年案例中，在大面积区域观测到持续时间长、强度大的降水，降水系统高度适中。与气候平均值相比，环境稳定且湿润。朝鲜半岛上空的深槽通过准地转动力强迫上升使对流层中层增湿，为降水系统的组织提供了有利环境。相比之下，在2017年案例中，在小面积区域观测到短期、高强度的降水，降水系统异常高大。与气候平均值相比，环境不稳定且湿润，但比2018年案例干燥。在2017年案例中，朝鲜半岛上空的浅槽通过相关的高空冷空气使大气不稳定。2018年和2017年案例之间观测到的特征差异与Hamada和Takayabu（2018年，doi:10.1175/JCLI - D - 17 - 0632.1）先前的统计研究中包含的极端降雨事件和极高对流事件的合成情况之间的差异相似。尽管先前的研究分析了最极端的0.1%的事件，但2018年和2017年案例中相对于气候值的温度异常和比湿异常比极端事件合成情况中的要大几倍。这一结果表明，2018年案例在极端降雨事件中是极端的，2017年案例在极高对流事件中是极端的。
Precipitation characteristics and their environments are compared between two heavy rainfall events affect ing the Northern Kyushu area in Japan: the July 2018 heavy rainfall event (2018 case) and the 2017 Northern Kyushu rainfall event (2017 case). Both events occurred in the later stage of the Baiu season, after the passage of a tropical cyclone, to the south of a subtropical jet, and on the front side of an upper tropospheric trough. However, contrasting precipitation properties and environments are observed between these cases. In the 2018 case, long-lasting, heavy precipitation was observed over a large area with moderately tall precipitation systems. The environment was stable and moist compared to the climatology. A deep trough over the Korean Peninsula prepared a favorable environment for organizing precipitation systems through moistening the midtroposphere by quasi-geostrophic dynamically forced ascent. In contrast, in the 2017 case, short-term, intense precipitation was observed over a small area with exceptionally tall precipitation systems. The environment was unstable and moist, compared with the climatology, but was dryer than it was in the 2018 case. In the 2017 case, a shallow trough over the Korean Peninsula destabilized the atmosphere via associated high-altitude cold air. The observed contrast of characteristics between the 2018 and 2017 cases was similar to that found between the composites of extreme rainfall events and extremely tall convection events, included in the previous statistical study by Hamada and Takayabu (2018, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0632.1). Although the previous study analyzed the uppermost 0.1 % of extreme events, temperature anomalies and specific humidity anomalies from climatological values in the 2018 and 2017 cases are several times larger than those in the composites of the extreme events. This result indicates that the 2018 case was an extreme among the extreme rainfall events, and the 2017 case was an extreme one among the extremely tall convection events.
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