Metal carcinogenesis. II. A study on the carcinogenic activity of cobalt, copper, iron, and nickel compounds.
Metal carcinogenesis. II. A study on the carcinogenic activity of cobalt, copper, iron, and nickel compounds.
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作者：
J. Gilman
大鼠肌肉单次注射硫化镍、氧化镍、硫化钴和氧化钴具有致癌性。每种金属的硫化物诱发的肿瘤发生率明显高于其氧化物。平均潜伏期和肿瘤进展测量之间的比较也表明，硫化物的存在增强了这些化合物的致癌活性。硫酸镍、铁和铜的硫化物以及氧化物在这些条件下都不能诱导大鼠的肿瘤。C3H小鼠和Swiss小鼠均因单次肌肉内暴露于Ni3S2和NiO而发生肿瘤；然而，CoO在该物种中没有诱导肿瘤。小鼠的肿瘤反应始终低于大鼠，硫化物没有明显的增强作用。在大鼠中，几乎所有组织学检查的肿瘤都是横纹肌肉瘤，有少数纤维肉瘤，特别是在用NiO诱导的肿瘤中。小鼠肿瘤的明确分类存在困难；虽然大多数表现为纤维肉瘤，但其中许多并不典型，少数几乎可以肯定是肌瘤。得出的结论是，硫化镍可能是最初调查的冶金粉尘样品（从镍精炼厂的烟道中收集的）致癌活性的化合物。镍和钴化合物对横纹肌肿瘤发生的明显特异性进行了讨论。
Summary Nickel sulfide, nickel oxide, cobalt sulfide, and cobalt oxide were shown to be carcinogenic on single intramuscular injection in rats. The sulfide of each metal induced a significantly higher tumor incidence than did its oxide. Comparisons between average latent periods and between measures of tumor progression also indicated that the presence of the sulfide enhances the carcinogenic activity of these compounds. Nickel sulfate, iron and copper sulfides, and oxides failed to induce tumors in rats under these conditions. Both C3H and Swiss mice developed tumors from single intramuscular exposure to Ni3S2 and to NiO; however, no tumors were induced with CoO in this species. Tumor response in mice was consistently lower than in rats and no apparent enhancing effect of the sulfide was evidenced. In rats, almost all tumors examined histologically were rhabdomyosarcomas, with a few fibrosarcomas, particularly among those tumors induced with NiO. Difficulty was encountered in definitely classifying the mouse tumors; whereas most appeared to be fibrosarcomas, many of these were not typical, and a few were almost certainly myomas. It was concluded that nickel sulfide was probably the compound responsible for the carcinogenic activity of the sample of metallurgical dust originally investigated (collected from the dust flue of a nickel refinery). The apparent specificity of nickel and cobalt compounds for striated muscle tumorigenesis is discussed.