Comparative cytophys-iology of striated muscle with special reference to the role of the endoplasmic reticulum
Comparative cytophys-iology of striated muscle with special reference to the role of the endoplasmic reticulum
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.2.4.143
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发表时间：
1956-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
VALLEJO-FREIRE, ARISTIDES
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文献类型：
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作者：
EDWARDS, GEORGE A.;RUSKA, HELMUT;VALLEJO-FREIRE, ARISTIDES
利用电子显微镜研究了从甲壳纲动物到人类的特殊生理学的横纹肌。结果表明，横纹肌细胞各成分的结构和分布随种属和肌纤维功能的专化而不同。横纹肌结构似乎有两种容易区分的一般类别。(A)高频肌以高等昆虫和蜂鸟的飞行肌和鼓肌为代表，其特点是肌纤维分布广泛，无分支，直径大，周期短，内质网少，线粒体大。这种结构与重气管化（昆虫）或血管化（鸟类），高氧化活性和深色（与同一物种的其他肌肉相比）相关。(B)低频肌肉的特点是，在一般情况下，高纤维肌浆比，相对较长的时间，少数线粒体增加活动和减少与绝对权力的纤维。氧化能力和颜色与线粒体的数量成正比。这些纤维进一步分化为：（1）可收缩材料的纤维状排列，其允许纤维间和节段网的规则图案;和（2）可收缩材料的纤维状排列，导致网的不系统分布。内质网在肌纤维中是一个复杂的协调系统。在外周，它将原纤维的Z和M线连接到肌膜上，在原纤维中，它将原纤维之间的Z带连接起来，形成早期作者的“Grundmembran”。通过纵向连接，它与肌腱原纤维拼接的纤维末端的指状肌膜连接。它的发育程度和部位与纤维缩短的程度和部位有一定的关系。目前，网状组织是唯一可以被认为是内部传导系统的结构。它可以横向地将兴奋从一根纤维分配到另一根纤维，纵向跳跃地分配到肌节的对称中心。细胞核是内质网管状系统内外细胞质相之间的中介元件。一个可能的机制，相关的细胞核，腺苷酸系统，离子交换与网和收缩的起始被假定。|| 摘要评论：J. A.爱德华兹
Striated muscles of specialized physiology from Crustacea to man have been studied by means of the electron microscope. It was found that the structure and distribution of the components of striated muscle cells vary with the species and with the specialization of muscle fiber function. There appear to be two, easily distinguishable, general categories of striated muscle structure. (A) High frequency muscles, represented by flight muscle of higher insects and hummingbird and cicada tympanal muscle, are characterized by widely spaced, non-branching fibrils of large diameter and short period, little endoplasmic reticulum, and large quantities of large mitochondria. This structure is correlated with heavy tracheolization (insects) or vascularization (birds), high oxidative activity, and dark color as compared with other muscles of the same species. (B) Low frequency muscles are characterized, in general, by high fibril-sarco-plasm ratio, relatively long period, few mitochondria increasing with activity and decreasing with absolute power of the fiber. Oxidative capacity and color are proportional to the quantity of mitochondria. These fibers are further differentiated into: (1) fibrillar arrangement of contractile material which permits a regular pattern of interfibrillar and segmental reticulum; and (2) a fibrillar arrangement of contractile material leading to an unsystematic distribution of reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum appears as a complex coordination system in the muscle fiber. Peripherally it links the Z and M lines of the fibrils to the sarcolemma and in the fibrillar fibers it links the Z bands between the fibrils forming the "Grundmembran" of earlier authors. By longitudinal linkage, it connects with the digitated sarcolemma at the fiber extremity into which the tendon fibrils are spliced. The extent of its development and its position have a definite relationship to the degree and site of fiber shortening. At present the reticulum is the only structure that one can consider to be an internal conducting system. It may distribute the excitation transversely from fibril to fibril, and lengthwise saltatorily to the symmetry centers of the sarcomeres. The nucleus is the mediating element between the cytoplasmic phases within and without the tubular system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A possible mechanism which correlates nucleus, adenylic acid system, and ion exchange with the reticulum and initiation of contraction is postulated. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: J. A. Edwards