Characterization of microbial communities in minimal-exchange, intensive aquaculture systems and the effects of suspended solids management
Characterization of microbial communities in minimal-exchange, intensive aquaculture systems and the effects of suspended solids management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.019
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发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Andrew J. Ray;G. T. Seaborn;J. Leffler;S. Wilde;Alisha Lawson;C. Browdy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrew J. Ray;G. T. Seaborn;J. Leffler;S. Wilde;Alisha Lawson;C. Browdy
最小交换，集约化养殖系统需要很少的，如果有的话，水交换和动物放养密度高。密集的营养输入导致丰富的微生物群落。这些微生物部分包含在悬浮的“生物絮”颗粒中，有助于保持水质并为养殖物种提供补充营养。最小交换，密集系统的最佳功能可能取决于它们内部的微生物群落的结构。本文件提供了一个简短的审查微生物组的重要集约化海水养殖和描述的三种方法来量化其丰度。该文献还描述了一个实验，在该实验期间，这些方法用于监测部分生物絮凝物去除对微生物丰度的影响。第一种方法使用光学显微镜，选择落射荧光，沿着排名系统来计算微生物类群的丰度。第二种方法专门使用落射荧光来照射叶绿素和蓝藻色素。拍摄每个发荧光的颜料组的图像，并使用图像分析软件进行处理，以量化两种颜料类型各自的丰度。使用第三种方法，通过气相色谱法测量溶剂提取的水柱脂质中的细菌特异性脂肪酸来确定细菌丰度的变化。使用这些技术，确定从培养水中去除固体显著（P≤0.01）减少线虫、轮虫、蓝藻和细菌的丰度。了解微生物组成和管理协议对该组成的影响可能有助于系统管理人员做出更明智的决策。
Minimal-exchange, intensive culture systems require little, if any, water exchange and have high animal stocking densities. Intensive nutrient inputs lead to an abundant community of microorganisms. These microbes are partially contained within suspended “biofloc” particles and contribute to water quality maintenance and provision of supplemental nutrition to the culture species. Optimal function of minimal-exchange, intensive systems is likely dependent on the structure of the microbial communities within them. This document offers a short review of microbial groups important for intensive marine aquaculture and descriptions of three methods for quantifying their abundance. The document also describes an experiment during which these methods were used to monitor the effects of partial biofloc removal on microbe abundance. The first method uses light microscopy, with the option of epifluorescence, along with a ranking system to enumerate the abundance of microbial taxa. The second method exclusively uses epifluorescence to illuminate chlorophyll and cyanobacteria pigments. Images are taken of each fluorescing group of pigments and processed using image analysis software to quantify the respective abundance of the two pigment types. Using the third method, changes in bacterial abundance were determined by gas chromatographic measurement of bacteria-specific fatty acids in solvent extracted water column lipids. Using these techniques, it was determined that removing solids from the culture water significantly (P≤0.01) reduced the abundance of nematodes, rotifers, cyanobacteria, and bacteria. Understanding microbial composition and the effects that management protocols have on that composition may help system managers make better informed decisions.