Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling species Ostrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?
Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling species Ostrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.0433
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发表时间：
2010-09-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Bourguet, Denis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calcagno, Vincent;Bonhomme, Vincent;Bourguet, Denis
对寄主植物的趋异适应可能是植食性昆虫物种形成和适应辐射的主要机制。寄主植物在许多属性上存在本质上的差异，但天敌在寄主植物特化中的作用往往被低估。在这里，我们报告的行为分歧之间的欧洲玉米螟（欧洲央行，欧洲玉米螟）和它的兄弟物种Ostrinia scapulalis，在一个主要的敌人：人类。收获玉米对玉米螟幼虫施加了选择性死亡：那些位于茎杆截止线以上的幼虫几乎肯定会死亡。我们发现ECB幼虫滞育比O. scapulalis，这是同域的，但主要以杂草为食。滞育高度的差异是由基因决定的趋地行为差异造成的。欧洲央行幼虫下降到地面，特别是在收获时间，增加了约50%的生存收获的机会比O。肩胛肌幼虫在这个例子中，天敌似乎是寄主植物专业化的主要驱动力，强调需要考虑“三营养”生态位来理解昆虫的多样化。我们的研究结果还强烈表明，趋地性演变为一个单一的例子，在一个主要的农业害虫的行为阻力。
Divergent adaptation to host plant species may be the major mechanism driving speciation and adaptive radiations in phytophagous insects. Host plants can differ intrinsically in a number of attributes, but the role of natural enemies in host plant specialization is often underappreciated. Here, we report behavioural divergence between the European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis) and its sibling species Ostrinia scapulalis, in relation to a major enemy: humans. Harvesting maize imposes selective mortality on Ostrinia larvae: those located above the cut-off line of the stalk face almost certain death. We show that ECB larvae diapause closer to the ground than those of O. scapulalis, which is sympatric but feeds mainly on weeds. The difference in diapause height results from genetically determined differences in geotactic behaviour. ECB larvae descend towards the ground specifically at harvest time, increasing their chances of surviving harvesting by about 50 per cent over O. scapulalis larvae. Natural enemies appear as a major driver of host-plant specialization in this example, stressing the need to consider 'tri-trophic' ecological niches to understand insect diversification. Our results also strongly suggest that geotaxis evolved as a singular instance of behavioural resistance in a major agricultural pest.