The Classification and Basic Processes of Autophagy
The Classification and Basic Processes of Autophagy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-16-2830-6_1
复制
发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yang, Qian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nie, Tiejian;Zhu, Lin;Yang, Qian
自噬是细胞内组分的溶酶体降解过程的总称，该过程仅发生在真核细胞中。根据细胞内底物转运至溶酶体的方式，哺乳动物细胞中的自噬可分为三种主要类型：宏观自噬、微观自噬和分子伴侣介导的自噬（CMA）。每种类型都有其独特的分子机制，并受到各种细胞信号的严格调节，帮助细胞适应不断变化的环境。自噬也可以根据货物选择性分为两类：选择性自噬和非选择性自噬。非选择性自噬是指细胞器或其他细胞质组分大量转运到溶酶体，而选择性自噬是指特定底物的降解。自噬在维持细胞内环境稳定方面起着重要作用，其失调可能参与许多人类疾病的病理过程。
Autophagy is a general term for the process of the lysosomal degradation of intracellular components, a process occurring exclusively in eukaryotic cells. Based on the way that intracellular substrates are transported to lysosomes, autophagy in mammalian cells can be divided into three main types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Each type has its unique molecular machinery and is tightly regulated by various cellular signals, helping cells adapt to a changing environment. Autophagy can also be divided into two categories based on cargo selectivity: selective autophagy and nonselective autophagy. Nonselective autophagy refers to the bulk transport of organelles or other cytoplasmic components to lysosomes, while selective autophagy refers to the degradation of a specific substrate. Autophagy plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and dysregulation of it may participate in the pathological process of many human diseases.