Changing Design Education for the 21st Century
Changing Design Education for the 21st Century
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.sheji.2019.12.002
复制
发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Norman, Don
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meyer, Michael W.;Norman, Don
设计师被赋予越来越复杂和有影响力的挑战。然而，目前的设计教育体系并不总是让学生为这些挑战做好准备。当我们检查我们的系统教给年轻设计师的东西和方式时，我们发现设计师的观点和过程中最有价值的元素很少被教授。相反，有些设计师的成长超越了他们的教育，通过他们在行业中的工作经验，基本上是偶然的学习。许多设计程序仍然保持着一种狭隘的观点和一种低效的隐性知识转移机制。与此同时，为复杂问题提供创造性解决方案的技能变得越来越重要。组织开始认识到设计师为这类工作带来了一些特殊的东西，这是基于将商业成功与设计驱动方法联系起来的大量研究的理性信念。那么，我们该怎么办呢？其他学术专业，如医学、法律和商业，在他们自己的专业化历史中提供了优秀的建议和指导。在本文中，我们借鉴他们的经验，为设计推荐一个行动方案。这并不容易：它需要一个研究小组就设计和教育实践提出建议，学校可以利用这些建议来构建符合其目标和能力的课程。然后，它将需要有意识的努力引导设计行业走向一个强大的从业者社区和一个有效的教授，有能力在21世纪充分实现设计的价值。在本文中，我们将展示这条路径。
Designers are entrusted with increasingly complex and impactful challenges. However, the current system of design education does not always prepare students for these challenges. When we examine what and how our system teaches young designers, we discover that the most valuable elements of the designer's perspective and process are seldom taught. Instead, some designers grow beyond their education through their experience working in industry, essentially learning by accident. Many design programs still maintain an insular perspective and an inefficient mechanism of tacit knowledge transfer.Meanwhile, skills for developing creative solutions to complex problems are increasingly essential. Organizations are starting to recognize that designers bring something special to this type of work, a rational belief based upon numerous studies that link commercial success to a design-driven approach.So, what are we to do? Other learned professions such as medicine, law, and business provide excellent advice and guidance embedded within their own histories of professionalization. In this article, we borrow from their experiences to recommend a course of action for design. It will not be easy: it will require a study group to make recommendations for a roster of design and educational practices that schools can use to build a curriculum that matches their goals and abilities. And then it will require a conscious effort to bootstrap the design profession toward both a robust practitioner community and an effective professoriate, capable together of fully realizing the value of design in the 21st century. In this article, we lay out that path.