Self-discipline gives girls the edge: Gender in self-discipline, grades, and achievement test scores
Self-discipline gives girls the edge: Gender in self-discipline, grades, and achievement test scores
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-0663.98.1.198
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Seligman, MEP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duckworth, AL;Seligman, MEP
在整个小学、初中和高中，女生在所有主要科目上的成绩都高于男生。然而，女孩在成就或智商测试中并不比男孩好。到目前为止，对标准化考试低估女孩平均成绩的解释主要集中在性别差异上，这些考试有利于男孩。作者的调查提出了一个额外的解释：女孩更自律，这一优势与成绩单成绩的相关性比与成就或能力测试的相关性更大。根据延迟满足的措施和自我报告，教师和家长的评级，八年级的女孩在城市磁铁学校比他们的男性同行更自律。尽管女孩在所有课程中都取得了更高的成绩，但她们在成就测试中的成绩只略好于女孩，在智商测试中的成绩则更差。中介分析表明，女孩获得更高的GPA至少部分是因为她们更自律。
Throughout elementary, middle, and high school, girls earn higher grades than boys in all major subjects. Girls, however, do not outperform boys on achievement or IQ tests. To date, explanations for the underprediction of girls' GPAs by standardized tests have focused on gender differences favoring boys on such tests. The authors' investigation suggests an additional explanation: Girls are more self-disciplined, and this advantage is more relevant to report card grades than to achievement or aptitude tests. Eighth-grade girls at an urban magnet school were more self-disciplined than their male counterparts according to delay of gratification measures and self-report, teacher, and parent ratings. Whereas girls earned higher grades in all courses, they did only marginally better on an achievement test and worse on an IQ test. Mediation analyses suggested girls earned higher GPAs at least in part because they were more self-disciplined.