Functional divergence of eukaryotic RNA polymerases: unique properties of RNA polymerase I suit its cellular role.
Functional divergence of eukaryotic RNA polymerases: unique properties of RNA polymerase I suit its cellular role.
复制标题
真核生物 RNA 聚合酶的功能差异：RNA 聚合酶 I 的独特特性适合其细胞作用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.035
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Schneider,DavidA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Viktorovskaya,OlgaV;Schneider,DavidA
真核细胞至少表达三种独特的核RNA聚合酶。这种增强的复杂性所提供的选择优势是细胞生物学中一个基本感兴趣的话题。人们早就知道，RNA聚合酶（Pols） I、II和III的基因靶点和转录起始途径是不同的；然而，最近的遗传、生化和结构数据表明，即使是核心酶也进化出了独特的特性。在三种真核RNA聚合酶中，Pol I被认为是最具差异性的。Pol I对核糖体DNA的转录在其高起始率，核仁内复杂的组织和与核糖体组装的功能连接方面是无与伦比的。此外，核糖体的合成与细胞生长和增殖密切相关。本文介绍了Pol I转录的主要特征，讨论了该酶的催化活性，并重点介绍了其在真核RNA聚合酶中的独特作用的最新进展。
Eukaryotic cells express at least three unique nuclear RNA polymerases. The selective advantage provided by this enhanced complexity is a topic of fundamental interest in cell biology. It has long been known that the gene targets and transcription initiation pathways for RNA polymerases (Pols) I, II and III are distinct; however, recent genetic, biochemical and structural data suggest that even the core enzymes have evolved unique properties. Among the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases, Pol I is considered the most divergent. Transcription of the ribosomal DNA by Pol I is unmatched in its high rate of initiation, complex organization within the nucleolus and functional connection to ribosome assembly. Furthermore, ribosome synthesis is intimately linked to cell growth and proliferation. Thus, there is intense selective pressure on Pol I. This review describes key features of Pol I transcription, discusses catalytic activities of the enzyme and focuses on recent advances in understanding its unique role among eukaryotic RNA polymerases.