Taurine transport in human placental trophoblast is important for regulation of cell differentiation and survival.
Taurine transport in human placental trophoblast is important for regulation of cell differentiation and survival.
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DOI：
10.1038/cddis.2013.81
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发表时间：
2013-03-21
影响因子：
9
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中科院分区：
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人胎盘的外层上皮细胞层，即合体滋养层，是一种特化的终末分化的多核组织。它是由下面的细胞滋养层细胞增殖、分化并与合体滋养层融合而产生和更新的。新鲜细胞成分的获得被认为是通过细胞凋亡和老化细胞核脱落来平衡的。滋养层细胞更新的这一过程维持了一个功能性的合体滋养层，能够将足够的营养从母体转移到胎儿。胎儿生长受限（FGR）是一种妊娠并发症，与异常滋养层更新和某些氨基酸转运蛋白（包括牛磺酸转运蛋白（TauT））活性降低相关。牛磺酸是人类胎盘中含量最丰富的氨基酸，在胎盘组织中具有重要的生理作用。与其他氨基酸不同，牛磺酸不掺入蛋白质中，并且在非胎盘细胞类型中代表参与细胞体积调节的重要渗透剂，并且也具有细胞保护作用。在这里，我们研究了牛磺酸在滋养层细胞周转中的作用，使用RNA干扰来耗尽原代人滋养层细胞的TauT，并降低细胞内牛磺酸含量。TauT缺陷细胞中滋养层细胞分化受损，并且这些细胞对FGR中升高的炎性细胞因子的易感性增加，这由升高的细胞凋亡水平证明。这些数据表明，牛磺酸在滋养层细胞更新和细胞保护中发挥重要作用。
The outer epithelial cell layer of human placenta, the syncytiotrophoblast, is a specialised terminally differentiated multinucleate tissue. It is generated and renewed from underlying cytotrophoblast cells that undergo proliferation, differentiation and fusion with syncytiotrophoblast. Acquisition of fresh cellular components is thought to be balanced by apoptosis and shedding of aged nuclei. This process of trophoblast cell turnover maintains a functional syncytiotrophoblast, capable of sufficient nutrient transfer from mother to foetus. Foetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication associated with aberrant trophoblast turnover and reduced activity of certain amino acid transporters, including the taurine transporter (TauT). Taurine is the most abundant amino acid in human placenta implying an important physiological role within this tissue. Unlike other amino acids, taurine is not incorporated into proteins and in non-placental cell types represents an important osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, and is also cytoprotective. Here, we investigated the role of taurine in trophoblast turnover using RNA interference to deplete primary human trophoblast cells of TauT and reduce intracellular taurine content. Trophoblast differentiation was compromised in TauT-deficient cells, and susceptibility of these cells to an inflammatory cytokine that is elevated in FGR was increased, evidenced by elevated levels of apoptosis. These data suggest an important role for taurine in trophoblast turnover and cytoprotection.