What Can a Body Do? How We Meet the Built WorldAccessible America: A History of Disability and DesignMaking Disability Modern: Design Histories
What Can a Body Do? How We Meet the Built WorldAccessible America: A History of Disability and DesignMaking Disability Modern: Design Histories
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身体能做什么？
DOI：
10.1093/jdh/epab002
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
Gooding J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gooding J
这篇比较综述讨论了三种出版物，它们通过残疾的视角批判性地反映了物品的历史和设计。最明显的一件事是对世界根据平均或正常概念设计时所做假设的批判。这些卷清楚地列举了由迈克·奥利弗推广的“残疾的社会模式”，该模式提出，当一个人与他们所遇到的物体、服务和空间之间存在互动时，残疾就会变得明显。综上所述，它们揭示了设计史上的一个新章节，强调考虑体验的多样性，以及身体如何满足设计世界。这些书提供了一种书写物品历史的新方式，也提出了一条未来的道路，在那里设计可以为残疾体验的新模式做出贡献。2020年恰逢英国《残疾歧视法》颁布25周年和《美国残疾人法》颁布30周年。这引起了对残疾和老龄问题的强烈关注，相关的宣传运动向更广泛的受众突出了残疾人的经历。作为一个领域，残疾研究已经活跃了30多年，这与人们对包容性设计和以用户为中心的设计实践的兴趣与日俱增有关。以前对残疾和设计对象的书籍长度的治疗通常分为以下类别之一：关注用户体验(UX)和情感设计；对材料、技术或生产方法创新的历史叙述；社会学视角；或专业准则和指南。最近的出版物对残疾经历的历史以及人们如何与世界、世界的对象和服务进行互动进行了批判性的反思。1
This comparative review discusses three publications that critically reflect on the history and design of objects by looking through the lens of disability. One of the things that emerges most clearly is a critique of the assumptions made when the world is designed according to notions of what is average or normal. These volumes give clear examples of the ‘social model of disability’, popularized by Mike Oliver, which proposes that disability becomes apparent when there is an interaction between a person and the objects, services and spaces they encounter. Taken together, they reveal a new subsection of design history that gives emphasis to considering diversity of experience and how bodies meet the designed world. These books offer a new way of writing the history of objects, but also propose a future pathway where design can contribute to a new model of disability experience.The year 2020 coincided with the 25th anniversary of the UK’s Disability Discrimination Act and the 30th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act. This brought acute focus to disability and ageing and associated advocacy campaigns highlighted the experience of disabled people to a wider audience. As a field, Disability Studies has been active for over thirty years and this correlates with growing interest in inclusive design and user-centred design practice. Previous book-length treatments of disability and design objects have generally fallen into one of the following categories: focus on user experience (UX) and emotional design; historical narratives of innovation in materials, technology or production method; sociological perspectives; or professional codes and guidelines. More recent publications have offered a critical reflection on the history of disability experience and how people interact with the world, its objects and services. 1