What next? Rewilding as a radical future for the British countryside
What next? Rewilding as a radical future for the British countryside
复制标题
接下来是什么？
DOI：
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198745488.001.0001
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
D. Macdonald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Sandom;D. Macdonald
重新开荒是一项乐观的环境议程，旨在扭转生物多样性的丧失，重新将社会与自然联系起来。这一章探索了英国的生态史，追溯到现代人类到来之前的最后一次间冰期，当时的气候与今天相似，分析环保主义者如何从过去吸取教训，重新保护现在的生态系统，并为不确定的未来做好准备。由于历史上没有应该或可以重建的单一时间点，重新野生专注于重建自然动态的生态过程，通过适当的物种重新引入序列，试图将生态系统推向更合适的生物多样性和功能状态。这种状态在目前的气候下是自给自足的，而且在不久的将来也是如此。具体地说，本章探索了一种重新野生的解决方案，以应对与过度放牧、有限的萌发生态位可获得性和河流动态相关的保护挑战：分别重新引入狼、野猪和海狸。这一系列的重新引入被认为是互补的，每一次都改变了生态系统动态，以促进下一次的回归。有证据表明，狼群将减少鹿的数量，重新分配觅食强度，促进树木再生，特别是在河岸地区，增加对栖息地依赖的野猪和海狸的林地可获得性。重新开垦背后的一个重要信息是，丰富的生物多样性与所有行会都有很好的代表，包括那些引起舆论两极分化的行会，如大型捕食者，是生态系统服务丰富和自我维持的生态系统的重要组成部分，特别是在核心地区。
Rewilding is an optimistic environmental agenda to reverse the loss of biodiversity and reconnect society with nature. This chapter explores Britain’s ecological history, back to the Last Interglacial before the arrival of modern humans, when the climate was similar to today, to analyse how conservationists can learn from the past to rewild the ecosystems of the present and prepare for an uncertain future. Because there is no single point in history that should or could be recreated, rewilding focuses on re-establishing naturally dynamic ecological processes that, through an appropriate sequence of species reintroductions, attempts to move the ecosystem towards a more appropriately biodiverse and functional state. A state that is self-sustaining in the present climate, and that projected for the near future. Specifically, this chapter explores a rewilding solution to conservation challenges associated with over-grazing, limited germination niche availability, and river dynamics: the reintroduction of wolves, wild boar, and beaver respectively. This sequence of reintroductions is suggested to be complimentary, each altering ecosystem dynamics to facilitate the return of the next. Evidence indicates wolves will reduce deer abundance and re-distribute browsing intensity promoting tree regeneration, particularly in riparian areas, increasing woodland availability to the more habitat-dependent wild boar and beaver. An important message behind rewilding is that a rich biodiversity with all guilds well represented, including the ones that polarize public opinion, such as large predators, are important components of ecosystem service rich and self-sustaining ecosystems, particularly in core areas.