EXPLORATION OF THE AUTISTIC CHILDS THEORY OF MIND - KNOWLEDGE, BELIEF, AND COMMUNICATION
EXPLORATION OF THE AUTISTIC CHILDS THEORY OF MIND - KNOWLEDGE, BELIEF, AND COMMUNICATION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1989.tb02749.x
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发表时间：
1989-06-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
LEEKAM, SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PERNER, J;FRITH, U;LEEKAM, SR
智力年龄为3-13岁的自闭症儿童被测试了3个任务，这些任务在3岁或4岁正常儿童的能力范围内。第一项任务测试对错误信念的理解。孩子们被展示了一个典型的盒子，盒子里装的是某种牌子的糖果，他们都认为盒子里装的是那种糖果。然而，令他们惊讶的是，盒子里装的是别的东西。然而，26名自闭症儿童中只有4名能够预测到另一名儿童在同样的情况下会犯同样的错误。相比之下，12名有特定语言障碍的儿童中，除了1名儿童外，其余儿童都理解其他人会像他们自己一样被误导。自闭症儿童还接受了测试，看他们是否有看过容器内部来推断有关容器内容物的知识的能力。所有通过信念任务的4个孩子和另外4个孩子都表现得很完美，但大多数都失败了。第三个任务评估儿童的语用能力，调整他们的答案，提供新的，而不是重复旧的信息。在这里，大多数自闭症儿童似乎也无法可靠地做出正确的调整。这些结果证实了自闭症儿童在考虑心理状态方面存在严重困难的假设。
Autistic children with mental ages of 3-13 years were tested on 3 tasks that are within the capability of 3- or 4-year-old normal children. The first task tested understanding of a mistaken belief. Children were shown a typical box of a certain brand of sweets, and they all thought that it contained that kind of sweet. To their surprise, however, the box contained something else. Yet, only 4 out of the 26 autistic children were able to anticipate that another child in the same situation would make the same mistake. In contrast, all but 1 of 12 children with specific language impairment matched for mental age, understood that others would be as misled as they had been themselves. The autistic children were also tested for their ability to infer knowledge about the content of a container from having or not having looked inside. All 4 children who had passed the belief task and an additional 4 performed perfectly, but most failed. The third task assessed children''s pragmatic ability to adjust their answers to provide new rather than repeat old information. Here, too, most autistic children seemed unable to reliably make the correct adjustment. These results confirm the hypothesis that autistic children have profound difficulty in taking account of mental states.