Initial Observations by the GOLD Mission
Initial Observations by the GOLD Mission
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DOI：
10.1029/2020ja027823
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发表时间：
2020-06
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Eastes;W. McClintock;A. Burns;D. N. Anderson;L. Andersson;S. Aryal;S. Budzien;X. Cai;M. Codrescu;J. Correira;R. Daniell;K. Dymond;S. England;F. Eparvier;J. Evans;H. Foroosh;Q. Gan;K. Greer;D. Karan;A. Krywonos;F. Laskar;J. Lumpe;C. Martinis;J. McPhate;J. Oberheide;O. Siegmund;S. Solomon;V. Veibel;T. Woods
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Eastes;W. McClintock;A. Burns;D. N. Anderson;L. Andersson;S. Aryal;S. Budzien;X. Cai;M. Codrescu;J. Correira;R. Daniell;K. Dymond;S. England;F. Eparvier;J. Evans;H. Foroosh;Q. Gan;K. Greer;D. Karan;A. Krywonos;F. Laskar;J. Lumpe;C. Martinis;J. McPhate;J. Oberheide;O. Siegmund;S. Solomon;V. Veibel;T. Woods
美国航天局的全球规模翼盘观测（GOLD）使命在SES-14上发射了一台紫外成像摄谱仪，SES-14是西经47.5 °的地球静止轨道上的一颗通信卫星。该仪器使用两个相同的通道观测地球在~134 - 162纳米的远紫外气辉。所进行的观测包括临边扫描，恒星掩星，以及每天6：10到00：40的太阳光和夜面盘的图像。初步分析揭示了有趣和意想不到的结果，以及进一步研究地球热层-电离层系统及其对太阳-地磁强迫和大气动力学的响应的潜力。热层组成比的主要成分，O和N2，160公里附近的温度，和外逸层温度检索从白天的观测。分子氧（O2）密度是用恒星掩星测量的。在夜间，辐射复合在电离层F区的发射被用来量化赤道电离异常（EIA）的电离层密度变化。耗尽F区电子密度的区域经常是明显的，即使在目前的太阳活动极小期。这些损耗是由“等离子体喷泉效应”引起的，并与其他类型的观测中看到的不稳定性，膨胀或“扩散F”有关，GOLD为他们的研究提供了独特的观测。
The NASA Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission has flown an ultraviolet‐imaging spectrograph on SES‐14, a communications satellite in geostationary orbit at 47.5°W longitude. That instrument observes the Earth's far ultraviolet (FUV) airglow at ~134–162 nm using two identical channels. The observations performed include limb scans, stellar occultations, and images of the sunlit and nightside disk from 6:10 to 00:40 universal time each day. Initial analyses reveal interesting and unexpected results as well as the potential for further studies of the Earth's thermosphere‐ionosphere system and its responses to solar‐geomagnetic forcing and atmospheric dynamics. Thermospheric composition ratios for major constituents, O and N2, temperatures near 160 km, and exospheric temperatures are retrieved from the daytime observations. Molecular oxygen (O2) densities are measured using stellar occultations. At night, emission from radiative recombination in the ionospheric F region is used to quantify ionospheric density variations in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Regions of depleted F region electron density are frequently evident, even during the current solar minimum. These depletions are caused by the “plasma fountain effect” and are associated with the instabilities, scintillations, or “spread F” seen in other types of observations, and GOLD makes unique observations for their study.