Accounting for the adaptation deficit of non-mycorrhizal plants in experiments
Accounting for the adaptation deficit of non-mycorrhizal plants in experiments
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实验中非菌根植物的适应缺陷的解释
DOI：
10.1007/s11104-013-1703-3
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
M. Rillig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Veresoglou;M. Rillig
约翰逊等人（1997）提出的"互利共生-寄生连续体"（MPC）概念描述了植物丛枝菌根（AM）状态调控后的反应谱，至今仍是AM研究中一个特别有影响力的核心思想。最近在Plant and Soil上发表的两篇文章（约翰逊和Graham 2012; Smith和Smith 2013）提出了一些关于丛枝菌根（AM）中MPC的有趣观点。我们想扩大他们的观点，并在这封信中介绍的概念，适应赤字的组成AM植物，防止成为菌根（cAM-NMP）。我们注意到，组成型非菌根植物（cNM p）的单一栽培有时可以提取与组成型AM植物物种一样多的P（例如Veresoglou et al. 2011），甚至可以在极端P限制的生态系统中占主导地位（米勒2005）。此外，虽然cAMNMp中的病原体易感性高于组成型AM植物（Veresoglou和Allig 2012），但最佳防御理论（Alba et al. 2012）预测，cNMp应该通过增加对二级化合物的投资来实现碳成本和病原体/草食动物攻击风险的更好平衡。类似地，许多超积累植物或耐旱植物是cNMP。由于组成型AM植物和cNMp之间的投资最优值的差异，直接比较组成型AM植物和cAM-NMp植物从进化的角度来看可能是误导的。我们将cAM-NMP中缺乏这种进化历史定义为适应缺陷（请参阅补充材料）。鉴于适应赤字，我们如何能够阐明的健身效益AM共生？据我们所知，没有明确的方式来定位植物对AM真菌的反应在MPC中存在。虽然完全占适应赤字是不可能的，我们相信，采用一个更进化的方法和会计已知的投资参数将提高我们的理解AM与植物适应性的影响。MPC可能被评估为对养分可用性梯度的平均响应。最重要的是，跨越营养梯度的种子繁殖的建模应该考虑已知胁迫条件的相对可能性和相应的适合度抑制，包括无胁迫、病原体感染、草食动物攻击，Plant Soil（2013）366：33 - 34 DOI 10.1007/s11104 - 013 - 1703 - 3
The “mutualism-parasitism continuum” (MPC), a concept introduced by Johnson et al. (1997) to describe the spectrum of plant responses following manipulation of their arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) status, remains a particularly influential idea at the core of AM research. Two recent articles in Plant and Soil (Johnson and Graham 2012; Smith and Smith 2013) raised some interesting points on the MPC in the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). We would like to expand on their points and introduce in this letter the concept of adaptation deficit of constitutively-AM plants that are prevented from becoming mycorrhizal (cAM-NMp). We note that monocultures of constitutively-nonmycorrhizal plants (cNMp) can sometimes extract as much P as constitutively AM plant species (e.g. Veresoglou et al. 2011) and even dominate ecosystems with extreme P limitation (Miller 2005). Moreover, while pathogen susceptibility is higher in cAMNMp than in constitutively-AM-plants (Veresoglou and Rillig 2012), optimal defense theory (Alba et al. 2012) predicts that cNMp should have achieved a better balance of carbon costs and pathogen/herbivore attack-risk through increased investment into secondary compounds. Similarly, many hyperaccumulator or drought-tolerant plants are cNMp. Due to differences in investment optima between constitutively-AM-plants and cNMp direct comparison of constitutively-AM-plants and cAM-NMp plants may be misleading from an evolutionary perspective. We define the absence of this evolutionary history in cAM-NMp as adaptation deficit (consult supplementary materials). Given the adaptation deficit, how can we elucidate the fitness benefit of the AM-symbiosis? To the best of our understanding no explicit way to position plant responses to AM-fungi in the MPC exists. Although fully accounting for the adaptation deficit is impossible, we believe that adopting a more evolutionary approach and accounting for known investment parameters will improve our understanding of the AM-linked effects on plant fitness. The MPC could potentially be assessed as an average response over a nutrient availability gradient. Most importantly, modeling of seed reproduction across nutrient gradients should consider the relative likelihood and the respective fitnesssuppression of known stress conditions comprising no-stress, pathogen infection, herbivore attacks, Plant Soil (2013) 366:33–34 DOI 10.1007/s11104-013-1703-3