Geochemical characteristics of particulate matter in the atmosphere surrounding a ceramic industrialized area
Geochemical characteristics of particulate matter in the atmosphere surrounding a ceramic industrialized area
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DOI：
10.1007/s00254-003-0908-9
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de la Fuente, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gómez, ET;Sanfeliu, T;de la Fuente, C
收集了总悬浮颗粒物样品（TSP），并在17个月的陶瓷工业区附近的浓度进行了测量。分馏的方法应用于样品，以获得两个馏分对应的矿物颗粒来自粉尘排放（上F馏分）和无定形物质（碳加上少量的S，Ca，Fe等）主要来自交通和其他燃烧过程。此外，TSP样品中的几个元素浓度进行了测量以下两个前处理：提取的元素主要与可溶性部分的样品（B，Fe，P，As，NO2-，NH 4+，Cl-，F）和酸消化的微量金属和元素主要与不溶性部分的样品（Fe，As，Cd，Ni，Pb，Zn Ca）。研究了大气颗粒物和离子污染水平的季节差异以及气象参数（温度、相对湿度、气压和风况）对大气颗粒物和离子污染水平的影响，结果表明，矿物碳颗粒物和无定形碳颗粒物的季节变化和周变化是不同的，这是由于它们分别来源于粉尘排放或燃烧过程，以及颗粒大小等物理性质的不同造成的。分析的离子Fe，Ca和Zn明显相关的矿物相，因此与粉尘排放，NO2-，NH 4+，P，Cl-有关的无定形物质来自燃烧。Ni和Cd的含量低于指导值，其来源主要与这些元素在粘土中的富集有关。B和As含量导致浓度升高，在寒冷的月份有增加的趋势。这些元素的排放与高温陶瓷过程中的蒸发或挥发有关。初始气态受温度影响。在冬季，由于气相硼在颗粒物上的凝结增强，B和As的含量较高，而在夏季，空气温度的升高导致蒸发增加。
Total suspended particulate samples (TSP) were collected and concentrations measured during seventeen months in the vicinity of a ceramic industrial area. A method of fractionating was applied to the samples in order to obtain two fractions corresponding to mineral particulate coming from dust emissions (Upper-F fraction) and to amorphous matter (carbon plus small amounts of S, Ca, Fe, etc) coming mainly from traffic and other combustion processes. Also for TSP samples several element concentrations were measured following two previous treatments: extraction of elements mainly associated with the soluble fraction of the samples (B, Fe, P, As, NO2-, NH4+, Cl-, F) and acid digestion for trace metals and elements mainly associated with the non-soluble fractions of the samples (Fe, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn Ca). Seasonal differences and the influence of meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, pressure and wind conditions) on the air pollution levels, particles as well as ions, were studied.Results show different seasonal and weekly evolution for mineral and amorphous carbonaceous particles because of the different origins in dust emissions or combustion processes respectively, and the different physical properties such as size grain. Of the ions analyzed Fe, Ca and Zn were clearly associated to mineral phases and consequently related to dust emissions, and NO2-, NH4+, P, Cl- were related to amorphous matter coming from combustion. Ni and Cd show lower levels than those reported as guideline values and the source is mainly related to the enrichment of these elements in clay materials. B and As content result in elevated concentrations, with the tendency to increase during cold months. The emission of these elements was associated with vaporization or volatilization during high temperature ceramic processes. The original gaseous state is influenced by temperature. In the winter the content for B and As is higher due to enhanced condensation of gas-phase boron onto particles, while in the summer the increase of air temperature results in elevated evaporation.