Alternative (complementary) medicine: a cuckoo in the nest of empiricist reed warblers
Alternative (complementary) medicine: a cuckoo in the nest of empiricist reed warblers
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1629
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发表时间：
1999-12-25
影响因子：
105.7
通讯作者：
Leibovici, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leibovici, L
替代医学的支持者可以比作布谷鸟小鸡，因为他们正在使用错误的信号从合法的科学和医学框架中获得营养。与苇莺的父母很像，这个框架的守卫者并不具备识别大声信号为假的能力。随着饥饿的增长，莺雏鸟的张口和鸣叫频率都在增加。当父母是苇莺，雏鸟是布谷鸟幼鸟时，布谷鸟会发出响亮的乞求信号。这种声音不仅与四只莺雏鸟的总叫声相匹配，而且随着杜鹃的成长，它的叫声越来越快，很快就听起来像八只小莺。这个信号与莺想听到的声音非常吻合，即使与它们期望看到的声音不完全吻合。尽管如此，它是如此喧闹，莺父母忽略了丢失的视觉线索，喂养杜鹃小鸡-对自己的后代的损害（并最终死亡）。[12]有两个概念框架与本讨论有关。其中一种（医疗社会结构）无法应对替代医学的喧嚣。就像莺一样，它会忽略掉重要线索的缺失，因为信号太大了。另一个框架（“深度模型”经验框架）有缺陷，但
Proponents of alternative medicine can be compared to cuckoo chicks in that they are using false signals to gain nourishment from a legitimate scientific and medical frame. Rather like the reed warbler parent, 1 the guardians of this frame are not equipped to recognise loud signals as false.Warbler chicks increase both their gapes and calling rates as they grow hungry. When the parent is a reed warbler and the nestling is a cuckoo chick, the cuckoo produces a loud begging signal. The sound not only matches the total calling rate of four warbler nestlings but rises so fast as the cuckoo grows that it soon sounds like eight little warblers. This signal fits overwhelmingly with what the warblers want to hear, if only imperfectly with what they expect to see. Still, it is so clamorous that the warbler parents ignore the missing visual cues and feed the cuckoo chick—to the detriment (and ultimately death) of their own offspring. 1 2 Two conceptual frames are relevant to the present discussion. One (the empirical-social construct) is ill equipped to deal with the clamour of alternative medicine. Like the warbler, it ignores the absence of vital cues because of the loud signal. The other frame (the “deep model” empirical one) has deficiencies but is