Vertical distribution of echinoid larvae in pH stratified water columns
Vertical distribution of echinoid larvae in pH stratified water columns
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pH分层水柱中海胆幼虫的垂直分布
DOI：
10.1007/s00227-019-3629-7
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Chan, Kit Yu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maboloc, Elizaldy A.;Batzel, Grant;Grünbaum, Daniel;Chan, Kit Yu
许多底栖海洋生物的丰度和分布取决于其分散的幼体生活史阶段的成功。越来越多的研究表明，海洋酸化对幼虫的生活史阶段产生负面影响，包括具有商业和生态重要性的海胆。然而，人们对海胆幼虫对水体中不同 pH 值的行为反应知之甚少。由于生物活动和/或物理条件引起的自然发生的 pH 值变化而导致的垂直运动的变化可能会影响扩散和补充。在这项研究中，我们量化了幼虫沙钱、Dendraster excentricus（棘皮动物）在具有不同盐度和 pH 值的分层海水层的水柱中的垂直分布。当幼虫沙元在环境海水（pHNBS7.86 ± 0.04）中向上游动时遇到低pH层（pHNBS7.54 ± 0.04）海水时，实验开始60分钟后约一半个体（53± 28%）聚集在过渡层附近。初步视频分析显示，幼虫在遇到从环境水到低 pH 水的过渡层时，改变了其行进方向并改变了螺旋游动轨迹的形状。相反，当幼虫沙元在酸化海水中向上游动遇到周围海水时，它们继续向上游动并聚集在柱顶部附近。在pH值均匀的对照水柱中，无论pH值是环境pH值还是酸化值以及盐度是均匀还是分层，幼虫都不会改变游泳行为。这些结果表明，分层本身并没有强烈影响幼虫的垂直分布。这些观察结果表明，海胆幼虫，也许还有许多其他类型的浮游幼虫，可能利用行为可塑性来减少海洋酸化带来的压力。这些反应的存在和有效性可能会提高幼虫应对压力大、动态栖息地的能力，因此对于预测全球气候变化的潜在影响可能具有重要意义。
The abundance and distribution of many benthic marine organisms are shaped by the success of their dispersive larval life-history stage. An increasing number of studies have shown that ocean acidification negatively impacts the larval life-history stage, including those of echinoids which are commercially and ecologically important. However, little is known about the behavioral responses of echinoid larvae to different pH levels in the water column. Changes in vertical movement in response to the naturally occurring pH variations caused by biological activities and/or physical conditions could affect dispersal and recruitment. In this study, we quantified the vertical distribution of larval sand dollars,Dendraster excentricus(Echinodermata), in water columns with stratified layers of seawater varying in salinity and pH. When larval sand dollars swimming upwards in ambient seawater (pHNBS7.86 ± 0.04) encountered a layer of low pH (pHNBS7.54 ± 0.04) seawater, about half of the individuals (53 ± 28%) were aggregated near the transition layer 60 min after the start of the experiment. Preliminary video analysis showed larvae reversed their direction of travel and altered the shape of their helical swimming trajectories, upon encountering the transition layer moving from ambient to low pH water. In contrast, when larval sand dollars swimming upwards in acidified seawater encountered ambient seawater, they continued to swim upward to aggregate near the top of the column. In control water columns with uniform pH, larvae did not change swimming behavior regardless of whether pH was ambient or acidified and whether salinity was uniform or stratified. These results indicate that stratification itself did not strongly affect the vertical distributions of larvae. These observations suggest that echinoid larvae, and perhaps many other types of planktonic larvae, may use behavioral plasticity to reduce exposure to stresses from ocean acidification. The presence and effectiveness of these responses may improve the ability of larvae to cope with stressful, dynamic habitats, and hence may be significant to prediction of potential impacts of global climate change.
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