Adaptation to Climate Change Through Adaptive Crop Management
Adaptation to Climate Change Through Adaptive Crop Management
复制标题
通过适应性作物管理适应气候变化
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Watson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Watson
为了满足全球粮食系统日益增长的需求，同时减轻气候变化和其他生产限制因素的影响，减少负面的环境外部因素，玉米、小麦和稻米农业粮食系统将需要可持续地加强生产。在发展中国家的灌溉系统中，通过新的土壤、水和肥料管理办法（如保护性农业、直接播种、干湿交替、特定地点养分管理和养分专家）和作物多样化，提高水的利用效率的空间很大。除了发展气象农业咨询服务和气象指数保险外，雨水灌溉系统的备选办法与灌溉系统的备选办法有很大不同，即最大限度地利用每一滴雨水或避免干旱压力。虽然耐热育种和多样化的种植制度可能是主要的短期反应，全球平均气温上升和极端高温事件，长期的变化预计将是相当戏剧性的，特别是在温带作物向两极的生产扩张。虽然存在着减轻气候变化影响的重大机会，但这些机会通常都涉及风险。在发达国家，私营部门（种子、化肥、农药、灌溉、信贷和保险供应商）通常随时可以向农民提供如何应对气候变化带来的挑战的建议。相反，在大多数发展中国家，向小农提供咨询和支持的渠道很少。这种情况使发展中国家的许多小农户得不到他们迫切需要的建议和支持。归根结底，最脆弱的农民和社区，即边缘环境中的小农和市场导向型农民，是那些面临最极端的气候变化相关挑战的人，同时也是适应能力最差的人。虽然国际农业研究中心（CGIAR），发达国家的先进研究和开发中心，以及当地和国际非政府组织都在努力开发和转化不断发展的作物管理方法，但气候智能型农业实践的传播极为缓慢。
In order to meet the growing needs of the global food system, whilst at the same time mitigating the effects of climate change and other production limiting factors and reducing negative environmental externalities, maize, wheat and rice agri-food systems will be required to sustainably intensify production. In the irrigated systems of developing countries, significant scope exists for increasing water use efficiency through new soil, water and fertiliser management approaches (such as Conservation Agriculture, Direct Seeding, Alternate Wetting and Drying, Site Specific Nutrient Management and Nutrient Expert) and crop diversification. In addition to the development of weather agro-advisory services and weather index insurance, the options available in rain-fed systems differ markedly from those available in irrigated systems, namely, to optimise every drop of available rainfall or to avoid drought stress situations. Whilst breeding for heat tolerance and diversified cropping systems are likely to be the principal short-term responses to increased mean global temperatures and extreme heat events, changes over the longer term are predicted to be quite dramatic, especially with regard to a productive expansion of temperate crops towards the poles. Whilst significant opportunities exist to ameliorate the effects of climate change, these opportunities generally involve risk. In developed countries, the private sector (seed, fertiliser, pesticide, irrigation, credit and insurance suppliers) is generally at hand to advise farmers how to address the challenges posed by climate change. Conversely, in most developing countries, there are few sources of advice and support for smallholder farmers. This situation leaves many smallholder farmers in developing countries without the advice and support that they desperately need. Ultimately, the most vulnerable farmers and communities, namely, smallholder subsistence and market oriented farmers in marginal environments, are those who face the most extreme climate change-related challenges at the same time as being the least able to adapt. Whilst international agricultural research centres (CGIAR), advanced research and development-focused centres of developed countries, and both local and international NGOs strive to both develop and translate evolving crop management approaches; the dissemination of climate smart agricultural practices is extremely slow.
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Challinor, Andrew J.;Simelton, Elisabeth S.;Collins, Mathew
通讯作者：
Collins, Mathew
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Weller, Sebastian;Janz, Baldur;Kiese, Ralf
通讯作者：
Kiese, Ralf