Child passenger safety: Decisions about seating location, airbag exposure, and restraint use
Child passenger safety: Decisions about seating location, airbag exposure, and restraint use
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DOI：
10.1111/0272-4332.204049
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Graham, JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glass, RJ;Segui-Gomez, M;Graham, JD
在新车上安装乘客侧安全气囊使在机动车碰撞中最大限度地保护儿童安全的努力变得更加复杂。公共和私人组织都建议儿童坐在后座上，适当地约束自己，以实现最大限度的安全。司机现在需要决定是否应该约束孩子，孩子应该坐在哪里(前排还是后排)，以及孩子是否应该坐在乘客侧安全气囊的前面。这项研究是为了确定哪种选择将儿童死亡风险降至最低。使用美国死亡分析报告系统1989至1998历年的数据，分析了13岁以下儿童乘客发生的致命车辆撞车事故。乘客侧安全气囊和儿童后排座椅的有效性，根据年龄类别和约束使用情况，使用双对比较法进行评估。对于四个年龄段中的每一个年龄段，使用安全带、座椅位置和安全气囊的每一种可能组合的死亡风险也通过Logistic回归进行了估计。乘客气囊与受限儿童的儿童死亡风险增加31%有关，与自由儿童的儿童死亡风险增加84%有关。乘客安全气囊似乎确实为受限制的9至12岁儿童提供了保护。使用安全带和后排座椅与儿童死于车祸的几率在统计上显著降低有关。为了最大限度地减少儿童死亡的风险，父母应该让儿童坐在白色的车辆后部，使用适当的儿童约束系统，特别是在有乘客安全气囊的车辆上。这些发现支持了美国目前的公共教育努力。
The installation of passenger-side airbags in new vehicles complicates efforts to maximize child safety in motor vehicle crashes. It has been recommended by both public and private organizations that children sit in the rear seat with proper restraint to achieve maximum safety. Drivers now need to decide whether a child should be restrained, where the child should be seated (front versus rear), and whether the child should be seated in front of a passenger-side airbag. This research was undertaken to determine which choice minimizes the risk of fatality to children. Using data from the U.S. Fatality Analysis Reporting System for calendar years 1989 to 1998, fatal vehicle crashes with child passengers younger than 13 years were analyzed. The effectiveness of passenger-side airbags and rear seating for children, by age category and restraint use, was estimated using the double-pair comparison method. For each of four age categories, the fatality risk of each possible combination of restraint use, seating location, and airbag presence was also estimated using logistic regression. Passenger airbags were associated with an increase in child fatality risk of 31% for restrained children, and 84% for unrestrained children. Passenger airbags did appear to offer protection to restrained 9- to 12-year-old children. Restraint use and rear seating were associated with statistically significant reductions in the odds of a child dying in a crash. In order to minimize child fatality risk, parents should seat children in the rear of the vehicle white using the proper child restraint system, especially in vehicles with passenger airbags. These findings support current public education efforts in the United States.