Identification of source mine using sulfur, mercury, and lead isotope analyses of vermilion used in three representative tombs from Kofun period in Japan
Identification of source mine using sulfur, mercury, and lead isotope analyses of vermilion used in three representative tombs from Kofun period in Japan
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通过对日本古坟时代三个代表性坟墓中使用的朱砂进行硫、汞和铅同位素分析来鉴定源矿
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102970
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takahashi Kazuya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Minami Takeshi;Takeuchi Akinori;Imazu Setsuo;Okuyama Masayoshi;Higashikage Yu;Mizuno Toshinori;Okabayashi Kosaku;Takahashi Kazuya
朱砂是古代使用的一种珍贵的红色颜料，被认为可以保护死者免受邪恶生物的伤害，因此被用于中国和日本的墓葬设施。朱砂在日本大和王朝(公元3世纪至6世纪)的扩张时期被频繁地用在Tumuli中--被称为KoFun时期。直到最近，人们还认为日本通心果中使用的朱砂是从中国进口的，但有关其原产于日本的证据正在逐渐出现。这项研究的目的是评估S、汞和铅同位素分析在确定这些墓葬中所用朱砂的来源方面的有用性。为此，通过对产于古大和王朝主要地区的樱井-长山县、黑津县和天津山三个古宫廷早期朱砂的S、汞、铅同位素比值的测定，并与日本大和汞、牛、水井和中国的万山、青铜国朱砂的朱砂进行对比，以确定朱砂的来源。每一种同位素都表明了每一次漩涡中使用的朱红的起源的多种可能性。然而，同时考虑这三种同位素的结果表明，樱井-长山红色素来自大和汞矿，而黑木和天津山红色素来自牛矿。因此，虽然单同位素分析可以作为朱砂来源矿的第一近似值，但对所有三种同位素的分析得出的结果要准确得多。在这三种同位素分析方法的基础上，古朱砂的分布研究有望从上述遗址中所用朱砂的来源鉴定入手。
Vermilion, a precious red pigment that was used in ancient times, was believed to protect the dead from evil beings and was thus used in burial facilities in China and Japan. Vermilion was used frequently in tumuli in Japan during the expansion of the Yamato kingship (third to sixth centuries AD)—named the Kofun period. Until recently, the cinnabar used in tumuli in Japan was thought to have been imported from China, but evidence of its Japanese origin is gradually emerging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of S, Hg, and Pb isotope analyses for identifying the origin of the vermilion used in these tombs. Therefore, the S, Hg, and Pb isotope ratios of vermilion collected from three tumuli from the early Kofun period, namely, Sakurai-Chausuyama, Kurozuka, and Tenjinyama (which were built in the main area of the ancient Yamato kingship), were compared with those of cinnabar from the Yamato Mercury, Niu, and Suii mines in Japan and the Wanshan and Qingtongguo mines in China to identify the source of the vermilion. Each isotope indicates multiple possibilities about the origin of the vermilion used in each tumulus. Nonetheless, with the three isotopes considered at the same time, the results indicate that the red pigments from the Sakurai-Chausuyama tumulus come from the Yamato Mercury Mine, whereas the vermilion used in the Kurozuka and Tenjinyama tumuli is from the Niu Mine. Therefore, although single isotope analysis can be useful as a first approximation of the source mine of vermilion, analysis of all three isotopes yields considerably more accurate results. On the basis of these three isotope analysis methods, research on the distribution of ancient vermilion is expected to proceed from the identification of the origin of the vermilion used in the abovementioned ruins.