Old enzymes for a new job - Herbicide detoxification in plants
Old enzymes for a new job - Herbicide detoxification in plants
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.111.2.349
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发表时间：
1996-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Martinoia, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kreuz, K;Tommasini, R;Martinoia, E
高等植物配备了一个非常通用的系统，保护它们免受外源性物质的潜在植物毒性作用，即植物环境中存在的合成化学物质。特别引人注目的是某些植物对除草剂的天然耐受性，这些除草剂深刻地影响了密切相关的物种。这种除草剂选择性的现象在农业中被广泛利用，以控制对特定除草剂耐受的作物田间的竞争杂草。在大多数情况下，除草剂选择性主要基于植物物种代谢解毒除草剂的不同能力（Lamoureux等人，1991;科尔，1994）。代谢性除草剂失活已经用于作物的除草剂耐受性的基因工程（Hinchee等人，1993年）。最后，增强的除草剂解毒是除草剂抗性的机制之一，除了改变的靶位点敏感性和未知的机制之外，其可以在连续使用相同的除草剂或除草剂类别时出现在以前敏感的杂草物种中（Holt等人，1993年）。植物对除草剂的代谢和解毒是通过多种酶反应进行的，并且在物种间具有极大的多样性。此外，最近的研究已经揭示，液泡膜中的转运蛋白介导除草剂代谢物向大的中央液泡中的能量依赖性输出（Martinoia等人，1993年）。
Higher plants are equipped with a remarkably versatile system that protects them from the potentially phytotoxic actions of xenobiotics, ie synthetic chemicals present in the plant’s environment. Particularly striking is the natural tolerance of certain plants toward herbicides that profoundly affect closely related species. This phenomenon of herbicide selectivity is widely exploited in agriculture to control competing weeds in a field of crop plants that are tolerant to the particular herbicide. Herbicide selectivity is, in most cases, based primarily on the differential ability of plant species to metabolically detoxify the herbicide (Lamoureux et al., 1991; Cole, 1994). Metabolic herbicide inactivation has been employed in the genetic engineering of crops for herbicide tolerance (Hinchee et al., 1993). Finally, enhanced herbicide detoxification is one of the mechanisms of herbicide resistance, in addition to altered target site susceptibility and yet-unknown mechanisms, that may emerge within formerly susceptible weed species upon continuous use of the same herbicide or herbicide class (Holt et al., 1993). It is well documented that plants are able to metabolize and detoxify herbicides by a variety of enzymatic reactions and with extraordinary diversity among species. Furthermore, recent research has revealed that transporters in the vacuolar membrane mediate the energydependent export of herbicide metabolites into the large central vacuole (Martinoia et al., 1993).