Widowhood and mortality among the elderly: The modifying role of neighborhood concentration of widowed individuals
Widowhood and mortality among the elderly: The modifying role of neighborhood concentration of widowed individuals
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.029
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Christakis, Nicholas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Subramanian, S. V.;Elwert, Felix;Christakis, Nicholas
配偶死亡对幸存者死亡率的影响（“丧偶效应”）是众所周知的。我们调查了美国丧偶对死亡率的影响如何取决于丧偶个人的社区集中度。我们根据 Medicare 索赔和其他数据源开发了一个大型的、具有全国代表性的纵向数据集，该数据集描述了 200,000 名老年夫妇的特征，并进行了 9 年的随访（1993-2002 年），并估计了多级分组离散时间风险模型。在丧偶人员密度较低的社区，丧偶会使男性死亡几率增加 22%，女性死亡几率增加 17%，而在丧偶人员密度较高的社区，男性死亡几率为 17%，女性死亡几率为 15%。我们的研究结果表明，邻里结构环境——提供与他人互动的机会并有利于新的社会参与——可能是丧偶效应的潜在调节因素，因此需要在未来研究丧偶对福祉和死亡率的影响时进行更系统的考虑。 (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The effect of death of a spouse on the mortality of the survivor (the "widowhood effect") is well-established. We investigated how the effect of widowhood on mortality depends on the neighborhood concentration of widowed individuals in the United States. We developed a large, nationally representative, and longitudinal dataset from Medicare claims and other data sources characterizing 200,000 elderly couples, with nine years of follow-up (1993-2002), and estimated multilevel grouped discrete-time hazard models. In neighborhoods with a low concentration of widowed individuals, widowhood increased the odds of death for men by 22% and for women by 17%, compared to 17% for men, and 15% for women in neighborhoods with a high concentration of widowed individuals. Our findings suggest that neighborhood structural contexts - that provide opportunities for interacting with others and favoring new social engagements - could be potential modifiers of the widowhood effects and as such requires more systematic consideration in future research of widowhood effects on well-being and mortality. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.