Regional ocular gentamicin levels after transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis.
Regional ocular gentamicin levels after transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis.
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发表时间：
1990-05
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
R. Grossman;D. Chu;D. Lee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Grossman;D. Chu;D. Lee
比较了经角膜和经巩膜离子电渗法与结膜下注射法（对照）将庆大霉素输送到兔眼中的情况。在治疗后不同时间间隔，通过荧光偏振测定法测量角膜、房水和玻璃体中的庆大霉素水平。经角膜离子电渗疗法后2小时，平均峰值角膜浓度为376.1微克/毫升。这显著高于对照眼获得的水平（P = 0.016）。经角膜离子电渗疗法后2小时，平均峰值房水浓度为54.8微克/毫升。这显著高于结膜下注射后的峰值水平14.2 μ g/ml（P = 0.003）。经角膜离子电渗疗法后，抑制水平（约5微克/毫升）在房水和角膜中维持8小时。经巩膜电离子导入后，玻璃体液的平均峰值浓度在16小时为53.4 μ g/ml，并在24小时内保持抑制作用，玻璃体中的峰值药物浓度为23.2 μ g/ml，并在24小时内保持抑制作用。经角膜离子电渗疗法或结膜下注射后，无法达到治疗性玻璃体液水平。通过测量庆大霉素和平衡盐水溶液（BSS）（对照）经角膜离子电渗之前和之后3天的角膜厚度和内皮细胞计数，证明经角膜离子电渗的潜在角膜毒性。庆大霉素治疗的眼睛与BSS治疗的眼睛相比，或在同一只眼睛中比较庆大霉素的前与后电渗时，不存在显著差异。经角膜和经巩膜离子电渗疗法可能是一种有效的非侵入性方法，将抑制水平的庆大霉素输送到角膜、房水和玻璃体，用于治疗眼内感染。
Transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis were compared to subconjunctival injection (control) in the delivery of gentamicin into rabbit eyes. Gentamicin levels in the corena, aqueous, and vitreous were measured by a fluorescence polarization assay at various time intervals after treatment. A mean peak corneal concentration of 376.1 micrograms/ml was achieved 2 hr after transcorneal iontophoresis. This was significantly higher than the level obtained in control eyes (P = 0.016). A mean peak aqueous humor concentration of 54.8 micrograms/ml occurred 2 hr after transcorneal iontophoresis. This was significantly higher than the peak level of 14.2 micrograms/ml after subconjunctival injection (P = 0.003). Inhibitory levels (approximately 5 micrograms/ml) were maintained in both aqueous and cornea for 8 hr after transcorneal iontophoresis. After transscleral iontophoresis, the mean peak vitreous humor concentration was 53.4 micrograms/ml at 16 hr and remained inhibitory through 24 hr; the peak aqueous level was 23.2 micrograms/ml and remained inhibitory for 24 hr. Peak drug concentrations in the vitreous were significantly higher than control (P = 0.026). Therapeutic vitreous humor levels were not achievable after transcorneal iontophoresis or subconjunctival injection. Potential corneal toxicity of transcorneal iontophoresis was demonstrated by measuring corneal thickness and endothelial cell counts prior to and 3 days after transcorneal iontophoresis of gentamicin and balanced saline solution (BSS) (control). No significant differences existed between eyes treated with gentamicin compared to those treated with BSS or when pre- versus postiontophoresis of gentamicin in the same eyes were compared. Transcorneal and transscleral iontophoresis may be an effective noninvasive method of delivering inhibitory levels of gentamicin to the cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous for the treatment of intraocular infections.