Afferent regulation of neurons in the brain stem auditory system.
Afferent regulation of neurons in the brain stem auditory system.
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DOI：
10.1002/neu.480210112
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Rubel;R. L. Hyson;D. Durham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Rubel;R. L. Hyson;D. Durham
我们回顾了一系列实验，这些实验开始研究神经元结构传入调节背后的细胞事件。我们最初对这类实验的兴趣源于一种愿望，即想要了解经验对大脑发育影响的细胞本质。虽然这仍然是一个长期目标，但它的难以捉摸的性质已经变得越来越明显；我们如何知道这样的目标何时实现？另一方面，越来越清楚的是，通过将这个问题作为调节神经系统结构和功能的组织相互作用这一更大问题的子集来对待，可能会取得一些进展。在这方面，理解传入规则是理解“竞争”的重要组成部分。两者都证明了这样一个事实，即我们正在处理的是一个动态系统，在这个系统中，细胞外因子平衡的变化导致了一系列事件，定义了一个新的“稳定状态”。不幸的是，我们的大多数方法仅限于拍摄几个参数的“快照”，并试图重建一部史诗。我们对去除耳蜗后的突触后事件的分析只触及了皮毛。他们开始揭示无数的细胞过程，这些过程通过改变神经系统中突触活动的平衡，或称“突触驱动”而被戏剧性地改变。当这些操作在未成熟的动物身上进行时，我们一直被这些突触后变化的快速所震惊。虽然我们研究的代谢和结构事件的动力学还不能与涉及信息传递的离子事件的动力学相匹配，但这两类细胞间通信正在变得更加紧密。一些神经调节剂可以改变突触电流长达数秒，我们已经证明，改变传入活动可以在几分钟内导致蛋白质合成的变化。这两类现象的合并应该不足为奇，因为我们和其他许多人的研究已经明确地将各种代谢和结构事件与两个神经元之间突触驱动的变化联系起来。另一方面，这一进展确实突显了需要更多地关注操纵传入活动后的短期变化。希望这样的研究将导致对负责调节神经元形态的细胞内事件链的理解。第二个令人感兴趣的领域是我们所研究事件的年龄限制。
We have reviewed a series of experiments which begin to examine the cellular events underlying afferent regulation of neuronal structure. Our initial interest in such experiments stemmed from a desire to understand the cellular nature of experiential influences on brain development. While this remains a long-range goal, it's elusive nature has become increasingly apparent; how will we know when such a goal is achieved? On the other hand, it has become increasingly clear that by approaching this question as a subset of the larger problem of tissue interactions regulating nervous system structure and function, some progress is possible. In this respect, understanding afferent regulation is part and parcel of understanding "competition." Both exemplify the fact that we are dealing with a dynamic system, where changes in the balance of extracellular factors result in a cascade of events defining a new "steady state." Unfortunately, most of our methods are limited to taking "snap-shots" of a few parameters and attempting to reconstruct an epic. Our analyses of the postsynaptic events following cochlea removal have only scratched the surface. They are beginning to reveal myriad cellular processes that are dramatically altered by changing the balance of synaptic activity, or "synaptic drive," in a neuronal system. We have been continually struck by the rapidity of these postsynaptic changes when the manipulations are performed on immature animals. While the kinetics of metabolic and structural events we have studied do not yet match those of ionic events involved in information transmission, the two classes of intercellular communication are coming much closer. Some neuromodulators can alter synaptic currents for up to many seconds, and we have shown that altering afferent activity can cause changes in protein synthesis within a few minutes. The merging of these two classes of phenomena should come as no surprise since our studies and many others have definitively linked a variety of metabolic and structural events to changes in the synaptic drive between two neurons. On the other hand, this progress does highlight the need for increased attention to the short-term changes following manipulations of afferent activity. Hopefully such studies will lead to an understanding of the intracellular chain of events responsible for the regulation of neuronal form. A second area of interest has been the age restrictions on the events we have studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)