Multiscale modeling in the clinic: diseases of the brain and nervous system.
Multiscale modeling in the clinic: diseases of the brain and nervous system.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40708-017-0067-5
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sanger TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lytton WW;Arle J;Bobashev G;Ji S;Klassen TL;Marmarelis VZ;Schwaber J;Sherif MA;Sanger TD
计算神经科学这个领域的起源可以追溯到霍奇金和赫胥黎的努力，他们率先对神经系统中的电活动进行定量分析。在继续作为一个独立领域的同时，计算神经科学与计算系统生物学相结合，神经多尺度建模作为一个分支出现。这种整合增加了电、图形、动力系统、学习理论、人工智能和神经网络观点，包括细胞生物学（神经元和神经胶质）的微观尺度、血管、免疫学和神经元网络的中尺度，以及认知和行为的宏观尺度。神经病学、神经外科和精神疾病的病理生理学联系的复杂性需要多尺度建模来提供超越统计分析或高度简化模型所能提供的理解：如何将药物治疗与神经刺激结合起来，如何个性化治疗，如何将新疗法与神经康复相结合，如何将定期诊断更新与频繁重新评估治疗结合起来，如何理解表现为精神疾病的身体疾病。多尺度建模还将有助于扩展人类疾病动物模型在神经科学中的有用性，其中临床和动物现象学之间的脱节尤其明显。在这里，我们涵盖了这些新的神经建模技术的临床应用特别感兴趣的领域，包括癫痫、创伤性脑损伤、缺血性疾病、神经康复、药物成瘾、精神分裂症和神经刺激。
Computational neuroscience is a field that traces its origins to the efforts of Hodgkin and Huxley, who pioneered quantitative analysis of electrical activity in the nervous system. While also continuing as an independent field, computational neuroscience has combined with computational systems biology, and neural multiscale modeling arose as one offshoot. This consolidation has added electrical, graphical, dynamical system, learning theory, artificial intelligence and neural network viewpoints with the microscale of cellular biology (neuronal and glial), mesoscales of vascular, immunological and neuronal networks, on up to macroscales of cognition and behavior. The complexity of linkages that produces pathophysiology in neurological, neurosurgical and psychiatric disease will require multiscale modeling to provide understanding that exceeds what is possible with statistical analysis or highly simplified models: how to bring together pharmacotherapeutics with neurostimulation, how to personalize therapies, how to combine novel therapies with neurorehabilitation, how to interlace periodic diagnostic updates with frequent reevaluation of therapy, how to understand a physical disease that manifests as a disease of the mind. Multiscale modeling will also help to extend the usefulness of animal models of human diseases in neuroscience, where the disconnects between clinical and animal phenomenology are particularly pronounced. Here we cover areas of particular interest for clinical application of these new modeling neurotechnologies, including epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, ischemic disease, neurorehabilitation, drug addiction, schizophrenia and neurostimulation.