RAPID SYMPATRY EXPLAINS GREATER COLOR PATTERN DIVERGENCE IN HIGH LATITUDE BIRDS
RAPID SYMPATRY EXPLAINS GREATER COLOR PATTERN DIVERGENCE IN HIGH LATITUDE BIRDS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00831.x
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lougheed, Stephen C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martin, Paul R.;Montgomerie, Robert;Lougheed, Stephen C.
一个多世纪以来，进化模式的纬度差异一直吸引着生物学家，但我们对进化过程中的纬度差异——比如选择和漂移——的理解仍然有限。在这里，我们测试并发现，与那些在热带地区繁殖的鸟类相比，在高纬度地区繁殖的鸟类分类群中，颜色模式的加速进化，分析了来自七个不同鸟类家族的数据。最重要的是，我们表明物种繁殖范围的重叠程度（同属度）解释了高纬度地区颜色图案进化速度加快的原因。我们认为，在过去300万年中，伴随着气候变化的繁殖范围的动态变化（米兰科维奇振荡）导致高纬度地区的二次接触更加迅速和频繁。我们认为，通过性、社会或生态特征的迁移，加速了进化速度，并通过选择性地消除在同系性中杂交和融合的弱分化谱系（差异融合），不同代际间的同系性导致了高纬度地区鸟类颜色特征的更大差异。
Latitudinal variation in patterns of evolution has fascinated biologists for over a century, but our understanding of latitudinal differences in evolutionary processes-such as selection and drift-remains limited. Here, we test for, and find, accelerated evolution of color patterns in bird taxa that breed at higher latitudes compared with those breeding in the tropics, analyzing data from seven diverse avian families. Most important, we show that the extent of overlap of species' breeding ranges (degree of sympatry) explains the elevated rate of color pattern evolution at higher latitudes. We suggest that the dynamic shifts in breeding ranges that accompanied climatic changes during the last 3 million years (Milankovitch Oscillations) resulted in more rapid and more frequent secondary contact at high latitudes. We argue that sympatry among diverging dades causes greater divergence of color traits in birds at higher latitudes through sexual, social, or ecological character displacement that accelerate rates of evolution, and through the selective elimination of weakly differentiated lineages that hybridize and fuse in sympatry (differential fusion).