Viewing Adaptive Social Choice Through the Lens of Associative Learning
Viewing Adaptive Social Choice Through the Lens of Associative Learning
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691618792261
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
12.6
通讯作者：
Dunsmoor, Joseph E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FeldmanHall, Oriel;Dunsmoor, Joseph E.
由于人类生活在一个动态的、不断进化的社会世界中，对指导社会行为的因素进行建模对心理学来说仍然是一个挑战。相比之下，在理解人类行为的一些更基本的要素方面已经取得了很大的进展，比如联想学习和记忆，这些已经在其他物种中成功地建立了模型。在这里，我们认为将联想学习方法应用于社会行为可以为人类道德经验提供有价值的见解。我们提出，联想学习的基本原则——在一系列物种中都是保守的——在许多情况下可以帮助解释看似复杂的人类行为，包括利他、合作和自私行为。我们用巴甫洛夫学习现象（例如，灭绝、线索竞争、刺激泛化）描述了社会决策文献中的例子，详细描述了积极或消极社会结果的历史如何影响形成道德选择的认知和情感机制。研究我们如何理解社会行为，以及它们可能依赖于域通用机制，可以帮助我们产生可测试的假设，从而进一步理解社会价值是如何被学习、表征和表达的。
Because humans live in a dynamic and evolving social world, modeling the factors that guide social behavior has remained a challenge for psychology. In contrast, much progress has been made on understanding some of the more basic elements of human behavior, such as associative learning and memory, which has been successfully modeled in other species. Here we argue that applying an associative learning approach to social behavior can offer valuable insights into the human moral experience. We propose that the basic principles of associative learning-conserved across a range of species-can, in many situations, help to explain seemingly complex human behaviors, including altruistic, cooperative, and selfish acts. We describe examples from the social decision-making literature using Pavlovian learning phenomena (e.g., extinction, cue competition, stimulus generalization) to detail how a history of positive or negative social outcomes influences cognitive and affective mechanisms that shape moral choice. Examining how we might understand social behaviors and their likely reliance on domain-general mechanisms can help to generate testable hypotheses to further understand how social value is learned, represented, and expressed behaviorally.