Economic Growth and the Changing Structure of Trade and Production in the Pacific Rim
Economic Growth and the Changing Structure of Trade and Production in the Pacific Rim
复制标题
环太平洋地区的经济增长与贸易和生产结构的变化
DOI：
10.2307/1243399
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
W. Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Gehlhar;T. Hertel;W. Martin
增长率在 6-7% 范围内（年轻）。这一时期，太平洋地区的生产和贸易格局发生了深刻的结构性变化。在过去的二十年里，韩国已经从劳动密集型制造业转向资本和技能密集型行业。泰国传统上是自然资源型商品的出口国，其农业出口份额急剧下降，而纺织品和简单电子产品等制成品出口份额急剧上升（Gehlhar）。相比之下，虽然农业在北美总产出中的重要性有所下降，但近年来随着出口量持续增加，其在出口中的份额保持稳定。东亚出口总额的增长自然与进口的快速增长同时发生。为了扩大制造能力，东亚国家进口了大量资本设备。但制造业的扩张也将劳动力从农业中抽走，而与此同时，收入增长导致人均粮食需求增加。因此，我们看到东亚对农产品和食品进口的需求强劲增长。事实上，在 20 世纪 80 年代，该地区成为增长最快的农产品市场，占美国出口增长的大部分（USDA 1993a）。
growth have been in the range of 6-7% (Young). During this period, production and trade patterns in the Pacific Basin have undergone profound structural changes. In the last two decades, South Korea has moved from the production of labor-intensive manufactures to more capital and skill-intensive sectors. Thailand, traditionally an exporter of natural resource-based commodities, showed a sharp fall in its export share of agriculture and a sharp rise in the share of manufactures such as textiles and simple electronics (Gehlhar). In contrast, while the importance of agriculture in total North American output has fallen, its share in exports has remained stable in recent years, as export volumes continue to increase. The growth of total East Asian exports naturally coincides with rapid import growth. In order to expand their manufacturing capacity, East Asian countries have imported massive amounts of capital equipment. But expansion of the manufacturing sector also pulls labor away from agriculture, at the very time income growth is leading to increased per capita food demands. Therefore, we have seen a strong rise in the demand for farm and food imports in East Asia. Indeed, during the 1980s, this region emerged as the fastest growing market for agricultural commodities, accounting for the bulk of the increase in U.S. exports (USDA 1993a).