From QTL to variety-harnessing the benefits of QTLs for drought, flood and salt tolerance in mega rice varieties of India through a multi-institutional network
From QTL to variety-harnessing the benefits of QTLs for drought, flood and salt tolerance in mega rice varieties of India through a multi-institutional network
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DOI：
10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.008
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Singh, Nagendra K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Singh, Renu;Singh, Yashi;Singh, Nagendra K.
水稻是印度的主要谷物，种植面积约 43.5 Mha，但平均生产力相对较低。干旱、洪水和盐碱化等非生物因素对该地区50%以上的水稻生产产生不利影响。培育对这些胁迫具有内在耐受性的水稻品种为提高水稻生产力提供了经济上可行且可持续的选择。高质量的水稻参考基因组序列的可用性、控制非生物胁迫耐受性的基因/QTL 的确切位置的知识以及与这些性状相关的 DNA 标记的可用性，为育种者提供了通过标记辅助回交育种 (MABB) 将有利等位基因转移到广泛种植的水稻品种中的机会。 2010 年，在印度政府生物技术部的资助下，与菲律宾国际水稻研究所合作启动了一个大型多机构项目“从 QTL 到品种：具有耐旱、耐淹和耐盐主要 QTL 的非生物胁迫耐受水稻品种的标记辅助育种”。该项目的主要重点是提高该国东部、东北部和南部地区脆弱生态系统的水稻生产力，这些地区经常遭受一种或另一种非生物胁迫的冲击。七个干旱条件下粮食产量一致的 QTL，即 qDTY(1.1)、qDTY(2.1)、qDTY(2.2)、qDTY(3.1)、qDTY(3.2)、qDTY(9.1) 和 qDTY(12.1) 正在被转移到三个高产水稻品种 Swama-Sub1、Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 和 IR 的耐淹版本中64-子1。为了解决主要河流流域因山洪而完全淹没的问题，Sub1 基因正在被转移到十个非常流行的当地适应性水稻品种中，即 ADT 39、ADT 46、Bahadur、HUR 105、MTh 1075、Pooja、Pratikshya、Raj endra Mahsuri、Ranjit 和 Sarjoo 52。此外，为了解决土壤盐分问题，Sakai耐盐性 QTL 正在被转移到七个流行的本地适应水稻品种中，即 ADT 45、CR 1009、Gayatri、MTh 1010、PR 114、Pusa 44 和 Sarjoo 52。在 BC2F2 阶段后，使用内部设计的 50K SNP 芯片对每个组合的一组 20 个品系进行基因型背景选择，通过田间与受体亲本的表型相似性进行鉴定。与受体亲本相似度超过 90% 的近等基因系目前正在进行高代田间试验。这些气候智能型品种有望提高不利生态环境下的水稻生产力，并为农民的生计做出贡献。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Rice is a staple cereal of India cultivated in about 43.5 Mha area but with relatively low average productivity. Abiotic factors like drought, flood and salinity affect rice production adversely in more than 50% of this area. Breeding rice varieties with inbuilt tolerance to these stresses offers an economically viable and sustainable option to improve rice productivity. Availability of high quality reference genome sequence of rice, knowledge of exact position of genes/QTLs governing tolerance to abiotic stresses and availability of DNA markers linked to these traits has opened up opportunities for breeders to transfer the favorable alleles into widely grown rice varieties through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). A large multi-institutional project, "From QTL to variety: marker-assisted breeding of abiotic stress tolerant rice varieties with major QTLs for drought, submergence and salt tolerance" was initiated in 2010 with funding support from Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, in collaboration with International Rice Research Institute, Philippines. The main focus of this project is to improve rice productivity in the fragile ecosystems of eastern, northeastern and southern part of the country, which bear the brunt of one or the other abiotic stresses frequently. Seven consistent QTLs for grain yield under drought, namely, qDTY(1.1), qDTY(2.1), qDTY(2.2), qDTY(3.1), qDTY(3.2), qDTY(9.1) and qDTY(12.1) are being transferred into submergence tolerant versions of three high yielding mega rice varieties, Swama-Sub1, Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 and IR 64-Sub1. To address the problem of complete submergence due to flash floods in the major river basins, the Sub1 gene is being transferred into ten highly popular locally adapted rice varieties namely, ADT 39, ADT 46, Bahadur, HUR 105, MTh 1075, Pooja, Pratikshya, Raj endra Mahsuri, Ranjit, and Sarjoo 52. Further, to address the problem of soil salinity, Sakai, a major QTL for salt tolerance is being transferred into seven popular locally adapted rice varieties, namely, ADT 45, CR 1009, Gayatri, MTh 1010, PR 114, Pusa 44 and Sarjoo 52. Genotypic background selection is being done after BC2F2 stage using an in-house designed 50K SNP chip on a set of twenty lines for each combination, identified with phenotypic similarity in the field to the recipient parent. Near-isogenic lines with more than 90% similarity to the recipient parent are now in advanced generation field trials. These climate smart varieties are expected to improve rice productivity in the adverse ecologies and contribute to the farmer's livelihood. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.