Vortex dynamics and mutual friction in superconductors and Fermi superfluids
Vortex dynamics and mutual friction in superconductors and Fermi superfluids
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DOI：
10.1088/0034-4885/65/11/202
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发表时间：
2002-09
影响因子：
18.1
通讯作者：
N. B. Kopnin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. B. Kopnin
超导体和其他费米超流体中涡核的激发是具有特殊能谱的单粒子激发。这些激发导致了许多重要的热力学性质，例如比热、伦敦穿透长度等。它们还通过与涡流的相互作用确定超导体和超流体的动态特性。磁通流阻、II型超导体中的霍尔效应和超流体中的相互摩擦是强烈依赖于涡核激励的最重要现象。这些现象决定了II型超导体的电磁响应和超流体的流体动力学行为，对于超导器件的实际应用以及理解相关电子和其他费米粒子的最基本性质具有重要意义。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了超导体和超流体的动态特性，并概述了清洁超流体费米系统中涡动力学的基本思想和结果。讨论了作用在运动涡旋上的力，包括长期以来一直令人困惑的横向力问题。我们制定了涡流动力学方程，其中包括与运动涡流激励相关的所有力和惯性项。
Excitations in vortex cores in superconductors and other Fermi superfluids are single-particle excitations with a peculiar energy spectrum. These excitations are responsible for many important thermodynamic properties such as specific heat, London penetration length, etc. They also determine the dynamic characteristics of superconductors and superfluids through their interaction with vortices. Flux flow resistance, the Hall effect in type?II superconductors and the mutual friction in superfluids are the most important phenomena which strongly depend on vortex core excitations. These phenomena determine the electromagnetic responses of type?II superconductors and the hydrodynamic behaviour of superfluids and are of great significance for practical applications of superconducting devices and for understanding the most fundamental properties of correlated electrons and other Fermi particles. In this review we consider the dynamic properties of superconductors and superfluids and outline the basic ideas and results on the vortex dynamics in clean superfluid Fermi systems. The forces acting on moving vortices are discussed including the problem of the transverse force which was a matter of confusion for quite some time. We formulate the equations of the vortex dynamics, which include all the forces and the inertial term associated with excitations bound to the moving vortex.