NATO beyond 9/11
NATO beyond 9/11
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9/11 后的北约
DOI：
10.1057/9780230391222_2
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Webber M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Webber M
如果9/11被视为全球政治的分水岭，那么假设北约这个地球仪最持久、最广泛和最强大的联盟将与这一转变过程密不可分，这将是合乎逻辑的。对北约来说，9·11事件加速了已经在进行中的变革（即需要关注地区以外的地区），从而使联盟有可能发挥作用（例如在阿富汗进行远征战争），这在其他情况下是不可想象的。十年过去了，北约的主要大国已经大大改变了他们对在遥远的行动中能够取得什么成就的假设，部分原因是伊拉克和阿富汗的苛刻经验，部分原因是国防紧缩的行动限制。这些进程给北约带来了启示。它在阿富汗的复杂使命与一系列其他行动和倡议（扩大、导弹防御和伙伴关系）同时进行，表明它仍然是一个具有适应性和相关性的机构。然而，与此同时，任务的倍增（其中一些任务有失败的风险）似乎预示着一个没有方向、延伸到极限的联盟。从这个意义上说，自9/11以来的这段时期是北约危机中熟悉的故事的又一个篇章。这意味着什么以及它是否具有实质内容是一个具有政策、经验和理论相关性的问题;本章主要关注后者。
If 9/11 is to be regarded as a watershed in global politics then it would be logical to assume that NATO, the globe’s most durable, extensive and powerful alliance, would be bound up in that process of transformation. For NATO, 9/11 accelerated changes already in train (namely, the need to focus out of area) and in so doing made possible a role for the alliance (fighting an expeditionary war in Afghanistan, for instance) that would otherwise have been inconceivable. A decade on, NATO’s major powers have modified significantly their assumptions of what can be achieved in far-flung operations driven, in part, by the demanding experiences of Iraq and Afghanistan, and, in part, by the operational constraints of defence austerity. These processes have shone a light on NATO. Its complex mission in Afghanistan conducted simultaneously with a range of other operations and initiatives (enlargement, missile defence and partnerships) indicates a body that continues to be adaptable and relevant. Yet, at the same time, the multiplication of tasks (some of which have courted the risk of failure) seemingly betoken an alliance that is directionless and stretched to the limit. In that sense, the period since 9/11 has been yet one more chapter of a familiar story of NATO in crisis. What that means and whether it has substance is a question that has policy, empirical and theoretical relevance; this chapter is primarily concerned with the latter.