Putting the "Biology" Back into "Neurobiology": The Strength of Diversity in Animal Model Systems for Neuroscience Research.
Putting the "Biology" Back into "Neurobiology": The Strength of Diversity in Animal Model Systems for Neuroscience Research.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2016.00069
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Summers CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keifer J;Summers CH
目前神经科学研究的趋势已经转向依赖啮齿动物模型来研究大脑功能的大部分方面。这种实验室饲养的动物是高度近交的，已经从它们的自然环境中脱离了几代人，并且似乎对成功的临床结果具有有限的预测价值。在这篇观点文章中，我们认为，对丰富多样的动物模型系统的研究是在进化上保守的核心生理和分子机制，是人类大脑功能的基础新发现的基础。跨门神经回路的分析将揭示形成适应性行为反应基础的一般计算解决方案。此外，我们强调，民族实验方法的发展，以提高我们的行为细微差别的理解将有助于重新调整我们的研究策略与治疗目标，并提高特定动物模型的翻译有效性。最后，我们建议神经科学在栖息地和动物群的环境保护中发挥作用，这将保护和保护驱动物种特异性行为适应的生态环境。丰富的生物多样性将增强我们对人类大脑功能的理解，并为神经系统疾病的治疗方法的发展带来不可预测的方向。
Current trends in neuroscience research have moved toward a reliance on rodent animal models to study most aspects of brain function. Such laboratory-reared animals are highly inbred, have been disengaged from their natural environments for generations and appear to be of limited predictive value for successful clinical outcomes. In this Perspective article, we argue that research on a rich diversity of animal model systems is fundamental to new discoveries in evolutionarily conserved core physiological and molecular mechanisms that are the foundation of human brain function. Analysis of neural circuits across phyla will reveal general computational solutions that form the basis for adaptive behavioral responses. Further, we stress that development of ethoexperimental approaches to improve our understanding of behavioral nuance will help to realign our research strategies with therapeutic goals and improve the translational validity of specific animal models. Finally, we suggest that neuroscience has a role in environmental conservation of habitat and fauna that will preserve and protect the ecological settings that drive species-specific behavioral adaptations. A rich biodiversity will enhance our understanding of human brain function and lead in unpredicted directions for development of therapeutic treatments for neurological disorders.