Between deforestation and climate impact: the Bariri Flux tower site in the primary montane rainforest of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Between deforestation and climate impact: the Bariri Flux tower site in the primary montane rainforest of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
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森林砍伐与气候影响之间：印度尼西亚苏拉威西中部原始山地雨林中的 Bariri Flux 塔址
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Knohl
中科院分区：
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作者：
O. Panferov;A. Ibrom;H. Kreilein;A. Oltchev;Abdul Rauf;T. June;G. Gravenhorst;A. Knohl
一方面，大陆由于位于西赤道太平洋，特别容易受到像 ENSO 这样的全球环流模式（沃克环流、哈德利环流）的不规则影响。另一方面，它的特点是山地岛屿和海洋表面高度异质的混合，在某些部分放大了全球环流的影响，在某些部分则抑制了全球环流的影响。我们对遥感数据的分析表明（Erasmi 等人，2009），苏拉威西的山地雨林即使是由最强的ENSO-温暖事件（厄尔尼诺）引起的干旱异常也特别有弹性，但其未来对气候变化频率和程度变化的敏感性尚不清楚。目前的土地利用变化趋势表明，这些山地雨林可能很快就会成为仅存的热带雨林。印度尼西亚的热带雨林受到土地利用和气候变化的挑战。热带森林生态系统在气候与生物圈的相互作用中发挥着重要作用。它们很容易受到外力的影响，特别是沿着它们的边界（土地利用类型之间的过渡区），并且当受到影响时，可能对全球地球系统发挥重要的控制作用。最近的报告显示了热带森林地区净损失的惊人数据（粮农组织，2000 年）。东南亚国家的热带森林减少尤其迅速，森林覆盖面积从 1990 年的 53.9% 减少到 2000 年的 48.6%（联合国，2005 年）。在包括印度尼西亚在内的许多地区，这种变化与人口的快速增长以及粮食和木材生产的不可持续的土地利用做法有关。 Weber 等人在 2007 年估计，1971 年至 2001 年期间，苏拉威西岛的人为森林砍伐率平均每年约为 0.6%。除了人为砍伐森林之外，自然因素也可能造成一些森林损失，例如气候变化、厄尔尼诺南方涛动（ENSO）等极端天气事件导致干旱。热带雨林地区的森林砍伐导致地表能量、H2O 和 CO2 预算的变化，从而导致当地和区域气候的变化（Lawton 等，2001）。苏拉威西岛的洛尔林杜国家公园 (LLNP) 在保护特有动植物群方面发挥着重要作用。因此，自然或人为的森林砍伐都会对剩余的雨林生态系统造成严重威胁并导致生物多样性丧失。印度尼西亚，所谓的海事 Panferov, O.、Ibrom, I.、Kreilein, H.、Oltchev, A.、Rauf, A.、June, T.、Gravenhorst G. 和 A. Knohl
Continent, is on the one hand particularly exposed to the irregularities of global circulation patterns (Walker Circulation, Hadley Cell) like ENSO due to its location in Western Equatorial Pacific. On the other hand it is characterized by a highly heterogeneous mixture of mountainous islands and ocean surface which in some parts amplify and in some parts inhibit the impact of global circulation. Our analysis of remote sensing data has shown (Erasmi et al., 2009) that the montane rainforests of Sulawesi are particularly resilient to the drought anomalies caused even by strongest ENSO-warm events (El Nino), but its future sensitivity to the changing frequency and extent of climatic variability is unknown. The current trends in land use change indicate that these mountainous rain forests might soon become the only remaining tropical rain Tropical rain forests in Indonesia are challenged by land use and climate changes Tropical forest ecosystems play an important role in the interaction between climate and biosphere. They are vulnerable to external forcing, especially along their boundaries (in transient zones between land use types) and, when affected, may exercise important controls on the global Earth system. Recent reports showed alarming data on net loss in tropical forest areas (FAO, 2000). A particular rapid decrease of tropical forests is observed in South-East Asian countries, where areas covered by forest decreased from 53.9% in 1990 to 48.6% in 2000 (UN, 2005). In many regions including Indonesia such changes are connected with a rapidly growing human population and nonsustainable land-use practices for food and timber production. Weber et al, 2007 estimated the average rate of anthropogenic deforestation on Sulawesi of about 0.6% yr for the period of 1971-2001. Additionally to anthropogenic deforestation some losses of forests can be also caused by natural factors, e.g. climate change, extreme weather events including El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) caused droughts. Deforestation of tropical rain forest areas results in changes of energy, H2Oand CO2-budgets of the land surface, and as a consequence, in changes of local and regional climate (Lawton et al., 2001). The Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) in Sulawesi plays an essential role in conservation of endemic flora and fauna. Therefore, deforestation, either natural or anthropogenic, results in serious threats for remaining rainforest ecosystems and in loss of biodiversity. Indonesia, the so called Maritime Panferov, O., Ibrom, I., Kreilein, H., Oltchev, A., Rauf, A., June, T., Gravenhorst G. and A. Knohl