Red drifters and dark residents: The phylogeny and ecology of a Plio-Pleistocene dragonfly radiation reflects Africa's changing environment (Odonata, Libellulidae, Trithemis)
Red drifters and dark residents: The phylogeny and ecology of a Plio-Pleistocene dragonfly radiation reflects Africa's changing environment (Odonata, Libellulidae, Trithemis)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.006
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Hadrys, Heike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damm, Sandra;Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.;Hadrys, Heike
在过去的几百万年里，热带非洲经历了明显的气候变化，逐渐干旱化。这种变化一定对淡水生物群产生了巨大的影响，比如蜻蜓目。Trithemis有大约40个物种，在非洲的热带群落中占主导地位，从雨池到溪流，从沙漠到雨林，从低地到高地。红体物种倾向于喜欢暴露的，站立的和通常是临时的沃茨，具有很强的扩散能力，并且是该属中最大的地理范围。那些生活在较冷的栖息地，如森林溪流，通常是深色的身体和更久坐不动。我们结合ND 1，16 S和ITS（ITSI，5.8S和ITSII）的分子分析与形态，生态和地理数据的81%的已知Trithemis物种，包括三个亚洲和两个马达加斯加特有种。利用分子钟分析，该属的起源估计为6-9 Mya，多个谱系在4 Mya左右突然出现。开放停滞的栖息地被推断为祖先和Trithemis的崛起可能正好与稀树草原扩张在中新世晚期。红色物种对更短暂的条件的适应导致了这些谱系内的大范围和有限的辐射。相比之下，在上新世更新世辐射的黑暗物种的三个分支，每个在不同的生态范围：（1）低地流，（2）高地流，（3）沼泽栖息地交替两侧的刚果-赞比西河分水岭;共同引起的属的物种多样性的大部分。在Trithemis进化过程中，发生了从开放到更多森林栖息地以及从站立到运行沃茨的多次转变。由栖息地破碎化的异地分布可能是物种形成的主导力量，但也可能涉及跨栖息地梯度的遗传分化。该研究表明，结合生态学和系统发育数据，以了解在巨大的环境变化下的生物多样性的起源的重要性。(C)2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
In the last few million years, tropical Africa has experienced pronounced climatic shifts with progressive aridification. Such changes Must have had a great impact on freshwater biota, such as Odonata. With about forty species, Trithemis dominates dragonfly communities across Africa, from rain-pools to streams, deserts to rainforests, and lowlands to highlands. Red-bodied species tend to favor exposed, standing and often temporary waters, have strong dispersal capacities, and some of the largest geographic ranges in the genus. Those in cooler habitats, like forest streams, are generally dark-bodied and more sedentary. We combined molecular analyses of ND1, 16S, and ITS (ITSI, 5.8S, and ITSII) with morphological, ecological, and geographical data for 81% of known Trithemis species, including three Asian and two Madagascan endemics. Using Molecular clock analyses, the genus's origin was estimated 6-9 Mya, with multiple lineages arising suddenly around 4 Mya. Open stagnant habitats were inferred to be ancestral and the rise of Trithemis may have coincided with savannah-expansion in the late Miocene. The adaptation of red species to more ephemeral conditions leads to large ranges and limited radiation within those lineages. By contrast, three clades of dark species radiated in the Plio-Pleistocene, each within distinct ecological confines: (1) lowland streams, (2) highland streams, and (3) swampy habitats on alternating sides of the Congo-Zambezi watershed divide; together giving rise to the majority of species diversity in the genus. During Trithemis evolution, multiple shifts from open to more forested habitats and from standing to running waters occurred. Allopatry by habitat fragmentation may be the dominant force in speciation, but possibly genetic divergence across habitat gradients was also involved. The study demonstrates the importance of combining ecological and phylogenetic data to understand the origin of biological diversity under great environmental change. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.