The Process: Brexit and the Anatomy of Article 50
The Process: Brexit and the Anatomy of Article 50
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过程：英国脱欧和对第 50 条的剖析
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
P. Craig
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作者：
P. Craig
英国退出欧盟的程序由第50条TEU规定。对某些问题进行了大量讨论，如可重复性。然而，对这一条约条款没有进行过更全面的审查，从联合王国和欧盟的角度分析了退出的各个阶段。第50条有三个阶段，涉及程序和实质上的可协商问题：触发、谈判和结果。
第一阶段是TEU第50（1）条的触发阶段，成员国决定根据其宪法要求雅阁，这包括第50（2）条的第一句，即向欧洲理事会通知该意图。
第二阶段涉及谈判，载于第五十条第二款。谈判是根据欧洲理事会提供的指导方针进行的。将根据《欧盟运作条约》第218（3）条谈判达成一项退出协议。第50条第2款还设想了另一项关于退出国与欧盟之间未来关系的协定。
第三阶段涉及结果，在第五十条第二款最后一句和第五十条第三款至第四款中涉及。条约权利和义务适用于国家，直至退出协议达成，或自通知之日起两年，除非欧洲理事会一致同意延长该期限。第三阶段可能会受到在两年结束之前撤销退出通知的可能性以及过渡协议的可能性的影响。
The UK withdrawal process from the EU is framed by Article 50 TEU. There has been significant discussion of particular issues, such as revocability. There has not, however, been a more holistic examination of this Treaty provision, which analyses the stages of withdrawal from a UK and EU perspective. There are three stages in Article 50, which involve contestable issues of process and substance: triggering, negotiation, and outcome.
Stage 1 is the triggering stage in Article 50(1) TEU, whereby a Member State decides to withdraw in accord with its own constitutional requirements, and this includes the first sentence of Article 50(2), which is the notification of that intention to the European Council.
Stage 2 concerns negotiation and is contained in Article 50(2). The negotiations are conducted in the light of guidelines provided by the European Council. There is to be a withdrawal agreement negotiated in accordance with Article 218(3) TFEU. Article 50(2) also envisages another agreement concerning future relations between the state that has withdrawn and the EU.
Stage 3 concerns outcomes, and is dealt with in the last sentence of Article 50(2), and in Articles 50(3)-(4). Treaty rights and obligations apply to the state until the withdrawal agreement is concluded, or until two years from the date of notification, unless the European Council unanimously agrees to extend that period. Stage 3 may be affected by the possibility of revoking the notice of withdrawal prior to the end of two years; and by the possibility of a transition agreement.