Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Molecular Alterations in Oral Carcinogenesis
Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Molecular Alterations in Oral Carcinogenesis
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DOI：
10.7754/clin.lab.2015.150327
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
Puiu, Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dumache, Raluca;Rogobete, Alexandru Florin;Puiu, Maria
在世界范围内，口腔癌是第六大最常见的癌症类型。口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）是口腔癌中最常见的类型，约90%的患者患有这种恶性肿瘤。如果在早期（T-1）检测到OSCC，则存活率高达80%，但如果在晚期（T-3-T-4）检测到，则存活率降低至20 - 30%。由于这些存活率，很明显，迫切需要引入新的分子生物标志物，用于从唾液中早期、非侵入性诊断口腔癌。这些生物标志物将有助于提高患者的长期生存率。MicroRNA是一类含有19 - 23个核苷酸的小型非编码RNA的一部分。MicroRNA在人体内的生化机制、细胞增殖和其他细胞机制的调节中发挥重要作用。近年来，随着分子遗传学研究的发展，唾液microRNA已成为口腔癌早期无创性检测和监测的重要生物标志物，本文就与口腔癌发生有关的最重要的遗传学和表观遗传学生物标志物，特别是唾液microRNA在口腔鳞癌早期诊断中的应用作一综述。
Worldwide, oral cancers represent the 6th most common type of cancer. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the most common type of oral cancer, is present in about 90% of the patients with this malignancy. OSCC presents a survival rate up to 80%, if it is detected in an early stage (T-1), but if detected at later stages (T-3-T-4) the survival rate decreases to 20 - 30%. Due to these survival rates, it is obvious that there is an urgent need to introduce new molecular biomarkers for the early, noninvasive diagnosis of oral cancers from saliva. These biomarkers will aid in increasing the survival rate of the patients for the long-term.MicroRNAs are part of a class of small, non-coding RNAs that contain 19 - 23 nucleotides. MicroRNAs play an important role in the regulation of biochemical mechanisms, cell proliferation, and other cellular mechanisms in the human body. Recently, due to the developments in the field of molecular genetics, salivary microRNAs became important biomarkers in early detection and monitoring of oral cancers by noninvasive methods.We want to present in this review the most important genetic and epigenetic biomarkers involved in oral carcinogenesis, focusing especially on the salivary microRNAs as biomarkers in early diagnosis of OSCC.