Visual attention
Visual attention
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DOI：
10.1002/wcs.127
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Wolfe, Jeremy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Karla K.;Horowitz, Todd S.;Wolfe, Jeremy M.
我们在日常生活中遇到的一个典型的视觉场景是复杂的，充满了大量的感知信息。术语“视觉注意”描述了一组机制，这些机制将某些处理限制在输入刺激的子集上。注意力机制塑造了我们所看到的和我们可以采取行动的东西。它们允许同时选择一些（最好是相关的）信息和抑制其他信息。这种选择允许减少复杂性和信息过载。选择既可以由来自环境的信息的“自下而上”的显著性决定，也可以由感知者的“自上而下”的状态和目标决定。注意力效应可以采取调制或增强所选信息的形式。选择性注意的一个核心作用是使选择的信息能够“绑定”到外部世界的对象的统一和连贯的表示。在视觉注意的概述中，我们回顾了选择和抑制在空间和时间上的机制和后果。我们研究视觉注意力的理论，行为和神经生理学工作。我们还讨论了注意与其他认知过程如自动性和意识之间的关系。(C)2011 John Wiley & Sons，Ltd. WIRES Cogn Sci 2011 2 503-514 DOI：10.1002/wcs.127
A typical visual scene we encounter in everyday life is complex and filled with a huge amount of perceptual information. The term, 'visual attention' describes a set of mechanisms that limit some processing to a subset of incoming stimuli. Attentional mechanisms shape what we see and what we can act upon. They allow for concurrent selection of some (preferably, relevant) information and inhibition of other information. This selection permits the reduction of complexity and informational overload. Selection can be determined both by the 'bottom-up' saliency of information from the environment and by the 'top-down' state and goals of the perceiver. Attentional effects can take the form of modulating or enhancing the selected information. A central role for selective attention is to enable the 'binding' of selected information into unified and coherent representations of objects in the outside world. In the overview on visual attention presented here we review the mechanisms and consequences of selection and inhibition over space and time. We examine theoretical, behavioral and neurophysiologic work done on visual attention. We also discuss the relations between attention and other cognitive processes such as automaticity and awareness. (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. WIREs Cogn Sci 2011 2 503-514 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.127