Influence of food availability and climate on behavior patterns of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) at Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China
Influence of food availability and climate on behavior patterns of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) at Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, China
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DOI：
10.1002/ajp.23068
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Wenhe Ning;Zhen-Hua Guan;Bei Huang;Pengfei Fan;Xuelong Jiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wenhe Ning;Zhen-Hua Guan;Bei Huang;Pengfei Fan;Xuelong Jiang
食物丰富度和气候因素会显着影响动物的行为并限制其活动预算。无量山西部黑冠长臂猿（Nomascus concolor）种群生活在山地森林中，接近长臂猿（Hylobatidae）分布的最北端。它们的栖息地在食物供应、温度和降雨量方面表现出显着的季节性变化。为了了解西部黑冠长臂猿对不同生态条件的行为适应，我们通过每组观察一年，研究了食物供应、平均温度、降雨量和行为模式之间的关系。我们的结果显示，活动预算受到食物供应和平均温度的影响。当资源更容易获得时，长臂猿会花更多时间吃花，而当水果更容易获得时，长臂猿会花更少的时间移动。当平均温度较低时，长臂猿进食的时间较少，休息的时间较多，在水果和树叶上进食的时间也较少。这些结果表明，长臂猿表现出对花朵作为食物资源的明显偏好，并在高营养食物（即水果）更容易获得时采取了缩短时间的策略。此外，长臂猿在低温时期采取了节能策略。对食物供应和温度做出反应的行为模式的灵活性可能会改善长臂猿在北部山地森林中生存和繁殖的前景。
Food abundance and climatic factors can significantly affect the behavior of animals and constrain their activity budgets. The population of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) in Mt. Wuliang lives in montane forest and is close to the northern extreme of the distribution for gibbons (Hylobatidae). Their habitats show remarkable seasonal variation in terms of food availability, temperature, and rainfall. To understand behavioral adaptations of western black crested gibbons to different sets of ecological conditions, we examined relationships among food availability, mean temperature, rainfall, and behavior patterns by observing two groups for 1 year each. Our results revealed that activity budget was affected by food availability and mean temperature. The gibbons spent more time eating flowers when that resource was more available and spent less time moving when fruit was more available. The gibbons spent less time feeding and more time resting, and spent less feeding time on fruit and leaves when the mean temperature was lower. These results suggest that the gibbons displayed a pronounced preference for flowers as a food resource and adopted a time minimizer strategy when high‐nutrient food items (i.e., fruit) were more available. In addition, the gibbons adopted an energy‐conserving strategy during periods of low temperature. The flexibility of behavioral patterns in responding to food availability and temperature may potentially improve the gibbons’ prospects of surviving and reproducing in a northern montane forest.