Intracellular Trafficking and Imaging Methods of Membrane-Bound Transcription Factors in Plants
Intracellular Trafficking and Imaging Methods of Membrane-Bound Transcription Factors in Plants
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植物膜结合转录因子的细胞内运输和成像方法
DOI：
10.1080/07352689.2020.1813922
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Xiaohua Wang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yuqing Yang;Hao Liu;Xiaojuan Li;Xiaohua Wang
摘要膜结合转录因子不同于胞质转录因子，它们与细胞膜天然结合。在外界刺激下，MTF从各种膜释放，转化为活性形式，并被转运到细胞核中进行转录调节。因此，与大多数TF不同，MTF经历了从膜向细胞内区域过渡的独特过程。在此过程中有两种典型的机制：蛋白水解加工和选择性剪接。然而，最近也出现了其他激活方案。为了进一步了解这些机制，研究MTF如何在细胞内运输并进入细胞核是至关重要的。具有高时空分辨率的成像技术可以部分解决这个过程，但需要新的方法为未来的研究。在这篇综述中，我们给出了目前的知识，植物MTF的概述，包括他们的识别，具体的定位，并在研究他们的细胞动力学的困难。我们还讨论了MTF释放的分子机制和先进的方法，如荧光相关光谱，单粒子跟踪和光活化定位显微镜，以进一步揭示它们在活细胞中的细胞内运动。
Abstract Membrane-bound transcription factors (MTFs) differ from cytosolic transcription factors (TFs) and they innately bind to membranes. Under external stimuli, MTFs are released from various membranes, convert into the active form, and are transported into the nucleus for transcriptional regulation. Therefore, unlike most TFs, MTFs go through the unique process of transitioning from the membrane to intracellular regions. There are two typical mechanisms during this period: proteolytic processing and alternative splicing. However, other activation schemes have also recently emerged. To further understand these mechanisms, it is essential to study how MTFs transport within the cell and into the nucleus. Imaging techniques with high spatiotemporal resolution can partially resolve this process but new methods are required for future studies. In this review, we give an overview of the current knowledge of plant MTFs, including their identification, specific localization, and the difficulties in studying their cellular dynamics. We also discuss molecular mechanisms of MTF release and advanced methods, such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, single-particle tracking, and photoactivated localization microscopy, to further reveal their intracellular movement in living cells.