Typical Levels of Eye-Region Fixation in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder Across Multiple Contexts
Typical Levels of Eye-Region Fixation in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder Across Multiple Contexts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaac.2018.12.011
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
13.3
通讯作者：
Pierce, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kwon, Mee-Kyoung;Moore, Adrienne;Pierce, Karen
目的：不寻常的目光接触是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的一个常见临床特征，但眼动追踪研究，量化眼睛注视报告不一致的结果，可能是因为小样本，不同的刺激，以及相当大的异质性眼区固定，即使在典型的发展。目标是检查一个大的，非常年轻的队列中的眼区注视水平;在多大程度上存在的讲话，手势，和几何干扰影响眼区注视;和可能的发展变化随着时间的推移。方法：在实验1，385名幼儿中，（143名ASD患者，242名无ASD患者，11-47个月）观察了一位女演员在普通背景下用手势进行儿童指导的演讲。大约8个月后，91名幼儿参加了研究。在实验2中，另外231名幼儿（74名患有ASD，157名没有ASD，12-47个月大）观看了相同的视频，但嵌入了几何干扰物。面部和身体区域的总注视时间（例如，眼睛、手）和几何干扰区域（仅实验2），而女演员是说话或沉默，有或没有手势，进行了检查，作为与临床特征的关系。总的来说，在两个实验和两个横截面和纵向样本中，有和没有ASD的幼儿的眼区注视时间没有差异，尽管ASD幼儿对面部的注视总体上减少了。这种下降变得更加明显的几何干扰（实验2）的存在，索引的几何偏好score，这个分数与自闭症severity.Conclusion：在观看儿童友好的小插曲的背景下，减少眼区固定不可靠的特征与ASD的幼儿。面部和外部干扰物之间的竞争指数可能是一个更可靠的衡量标准。
Objective: Unusual eye contact is a common clinical feature in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet eye-tracking studies that quantify eye fixation report inconsistent results, possibly because of small samples, varied stimuli, and considerable heterogeneity of eye-region fixation even within typical development. Goals were to examine eye-region fixation levels in a large, very young cohort; the degree to which the presence of speech, hand gestures, and a geometric distractor influence eye-region fixation; and possible developmental changes across time.Method: In experiment 1,385 toddlers (143 with ASD, 242 without ASD, 11-47 months old) watched an actress engaging in child-directed speech with hand gestures against a plain background. Ninety-one toddlers participated approximately 8 months later. In experiment 2, another 231 toddlers (74 with ASD, 157 without ASD, 12-47 months old) watched the same video, but with embedded geometric distractors. Total fixation duration on facial and body regions (eg, eyes, hands) and geometric distractor regions (experiment 2 only) while the actress was speaking or silent, with or without gesturing, was examined, as were relations with clinical traits.Results: Overall, across the 2 experiments and the 2 cross-sectional and longitudinal samples, eye-region fixation duration did not differ between toddlers with and without ASD, although fixation toward the face overall was decreased in toddlers with ASD. This decrease became more apparent with the presence of geometric distractors (experiment 2) as indexed by a geometric preference score, and this score was associated with autism severity.Conclusion: Within the context of viewing child-friendly vignettes, decreased eye-region fixation does not reliably characterize toddlers with ASD. An index of competition between faces and external distractors might be a more robust measure.