Norovirus Distribution within an Estuarine Environment
Norovirus Distribution within an Estuarine Environment
复制标题
DOI：
10.1128/aem.00111-09
复制
发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Lipp, Erin K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gentry, Jennifer;Vinje, Jan;Lipp, Erin K.
人类诺如病毒（NoV）作为全球胃肠炎爆发的重要原因已被广泛研究。虽然牡蛎是感染的主要媒介，但很少有研究调查新病毒在河口环境中的更广泛分布。在一年的时间里，对乔治亚州活跃的贝类捕捞区的各种河口样本类型中的 NoV 流行情况、基因型多样性和浓度进行了检查。在两个河口 12 个监测站采集的 225 个样本（9 个牡蛎、72 个水、72 个 63 至 200 μm 浮游生物和 72 个 > 200 μm 浮游生物）中，21 个样本 (9.3%) 检测出 NoV 呈阳性。按样本类型划分，55.0%（5/9）的牡蛎、8.3%（6/72）的水样、11.1%（8/72）的63至200μm浮游生物样本和2.8%（2/72）的>200μm浮游生物样本对人类NoV呈阳性。两个 NoV 阳性 > 200 μ m 浮游生物样本主要包含浮游动物，在所有测试样本中具有最大数量的 NoV 基因组（3.5 x 10(13) 和 1.7 x 10(15) 基因组 g(-1)）。大多数样本（90.5% (19/21)）基因组 I NoV 检测呈阳性，只有 9.5% (2/21) 样本基因组 II 检测呈阳性。与水和牡蛎样本相比，浮游生物样本中的 NoV 浓度高出乎意料，这为了解人类 NoV 在水环境中的存在和分布提供了新的见解。
Human norovirus (NoV) has been studied extensively as an important cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. While oysters are a primary vehicle for infection, few studies have examined the wider distribution of NoV in the estuarine environment. Active shellfish-harvesting areas in Georgia were examined for the prevalence, genotype diversity, and concentrations of NoV in a variety of estuarine sample types over the course of 1 year. Of the 225 samples (9 oyster, 72 water, 72 63- to 200-mu m plankton, and 72 > 200-mu m plankton) collected from 12 stations across two estuaries, 21 samples (9.3%) tested positive for NoV. By sample type, 55.0% (5/9) of oysters, 8.3% (6/72) of water samples, 11.1% (8/72) of 63- to 200-mu m plankton samples, and 2.8% (2/72) of > 200-mu m plankton samples were positive for human NoV. The two NoV-positive > 200-mu m plankton ;samples, which contained mainly zooplankton, had the greatest quantity of NoV genomes (3.5 x 10(13) and 1.7 x 10(15) genomes g(-1)) of any sample tested. The majority, 90.5% (19/21), of the samples tested positive for genogroup I NoV, and only 9.5% (2/21) of the samples tested positive for genogroup II. The high concentrations of NoV in plankton samples compared to water and oyster samples were unexpected and provide new insights into the presence and distribution of human NoV in the water environment.