Neurological Complications of HIV Infection.

Neurological Complications of HIV Infection.
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DOI:
10.1007/s11908-017-0606-5
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发表时间:
2017-11-21
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Spudich S
Spudich S
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Farhadian S;Patel P;Spudich S

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HIV相关神经认知障碍(HAND)在HIV疾病患者中很常见,即使在抑制性联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(cART)期间也是如此。这篇综述文章讨论了手的发病机制,重点是过去5年的重要发现。虽然艾滋病毒相关的痴呆症现在在有cART可用的环境中很少见,但轻度HAND的患病率正在增加。细胞损伤的生物标志物,如神经丝轻链和新蝶呤,可以检测与HIV感染相关的神经炎症的早期阶段,即使在慢性HIV感染的无症状个体中也会增加。最近的几项研究形成了越来越多的证据表明,HIV可以感染单核细胞并在单核细胞中复制,阻断单核细胞活性可能会改善HIV的神经功能结局。早期cART也可以预防HAND。了解中枢神经系统感染和炎症的多因素原因对于制定HAND的治疗和预防策略至关重要。
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are common in patients with HIV disease, even during suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). This review article addresses the pathogenesis of HAND, focusing on important findings from the last 5 years. While HIV-associated dementia is now rare in settings with cART availability, mild forms of HAND are increasing in prevalence. Biomarkers of cellular injury, such as neurofilament light chain and neopterin, can detect early stages of neuroinflammation associated with HIV infection and are increased even in asymptomatic individuals with chronic HIV infection. Several recent studies form a growing body of evidence that HIV can infect and replicate in monocytes and that blocking monocyte activity can potentially improve neurological outcomes in HIV. Early cART may also prevent HAND. Understanding the multifactorial causes of CNS infection and inflammation is critical to devising treatment and preventive strategies for HAND.
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