Dry period plane of energy: Effects on feed intake, energy balance, milk production, and composition in transition dairy cows
Dry period plane of energy: Effects on feed intake, energy balance, milk production, and composition in transition dairy cows
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DOI：
10.3168/jds.2014-9024
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Nydam, D. V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mann, S.;Yepes, F. A. Leal;Nydam, D. V.
目的是探讨不同的干奶牛喂养策略对产后酮血症程度的影响。流行病学研究提供的证据表明，产后奶牛中β-羟基丁酸（BHBA）浓度升高与生殖成功风险降低以及泌乳早期几种疾病（如皱胃移位和子宫炎）风险增加之间存在关联。在泌乳期饲喂奶牛的能量水平已被证明会影响产酮和产后负能量平衡的程度。我们的假设是，与高能量饮食（H）或仅在分娩前28天（从预期分娩前28天开始）喂养中等能量水平的饮食相比，在干奶期喂养高纤维、能量受控饮食（C）将导致产后前几周内的高酮血症程度较低，随后在遥远的时期喂养相同的能量受控饮食。本研究中的高酮血症定义为血液BHBA浓度≥ 1.2 mmol/L。使用随机区组设计入组第2胎或更大胎次的荷斯坦奶牛（n = 84），并圈养在单独的tiestall中。所有处理饮食均为自由采食，并含有莫能菌素。产犊后，奶牛接受相同的新鲜奶牛日粮。在产犊前后每周采集3次血样，并分析BHBA和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）。记录牛奶成分、产量和干物质摄入量，并计算能量平衡。重复测量方差分析进行的结果干物质摄入量，能量平衡，BHBA和NEFA浓度，牛奶和能量校正的牛奶产量，以及牛奶成分。预测的能量平衡往往是不太负产后C组和奶牛在这组有较少的发作高酮血症相比，中间组和H组在产犊后的第一个3周。产后BHBA和NEFA浓度随时间的推移在H组最高，在C组最低，而产奶量不受能量平面的影响。乳脂肪酸组成分析表明，与C组相比，H组中预形成脂肪酸的产量更高，表明饲喂H的奶牛具有更高的脂质动员。在这项研究中，一组，控制能量干燥期的方法减少了负能量平衡的程度，以及产后高酮血症的发作次数和程度。
The objective was to investigate the effect of different dry cow feeding strategies on the degree of ketonemia postpartum. Epidemiologic studies provide evidence of an association between elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations in postpartum dairy cows and a decreased risk for reproductive success as well as increased risk for several diseases in early lactation, such as displacement of the abomasum and metritis. The plane of energy fed to cows in the prepartum period has been shown to influence ketogenesis and the degree of negative energy balance postpartum. Our hypothesis was that a high-fiber, controlled-energy diet (C) fed during the dry period would lead to a lower degree of hyperketonemia in the first weeks postpartum compared with either a high-energy diet (H), or a diet where an intermediate level of energy would only be fed in the close-up period (starting at 28 d before expected parturition), following the same controlled-energy diet in the far-off period. Hyperketonemia in this study was defined as a blood BHBA concentration of >= 1.2 mmol/L. Holstein cows (n = 84) entering parity 2 or greater were enrolled using a randomized block design and housed in individual tiestalls. All treatment diets were fed for ad libitum intake and contained monensin. Cows received the same fresh cow ration after calving. Blood samples were obtained 3 times weekly before and after calving and analyzed for BHBA and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Milk components, production, and dry matter intake were recorded and energy balance was calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted for the outcomes dry matter intake, energy balance, BHBA and NEFA concentrations, milk and energy-corrected milk yield, as well as milk composition. Predicted energy balance tended to be less negative postpartum in group C and cows in this group had fewer episodes of hyperketonemia compared with both the intermediate group and group H in the first 3 wk after calving. Postpartum BHBA and NEFA concentrations over time were highest in group H and lowest in group C, whereas milk production was not affected by prepartum plane of energy. Analysis of milk fatty acid composition showed a higher yield of preformed fatty acids in group H compared with group C, suggesting higher lipid mobilization for cows fed H. In this study, a 1-group, controlled-energy dry period approach decreased the degree of negative energy balance as well as the number of episodes and degree of hyperketonemia postpartum.