Role of cytonemes in Wnt transport
Role of cytonemes in Wnt transport
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DOI：
10.1242/jcs.182469
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发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
E. Stanganello;S. Scholpp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Stanganello;S. Scholpp
摘要Wnt信号在胚胎发育和疾病过程中调节多种过程。Wnt信号通路的一个特征是Wnt蛋白在反应组织中形成浓度梯度，这决定了无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的细胞命运。为了实现其旁分泌功能，必须严格控制Wnt形态原从起始细胞到受体细胞的运输。已经提出了各种模型来解释这些脂质修饰的信号蛋白在水胞外空间的细胞外运输；然而，关于哪些机制允许配体的精确分布以便在生长组织内产生形态发生梯度，仍然存在相当大的争论。最近的证据表明，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物胚胎发生过程中，Wnt蛋白沿着信号丝状足孔分布。细胞线介导的转运对我们理解Wnt信号如何在组织中传播具有深远的影响，并允许在胚胎生长过程中在受体组织中形成精确的配体分布。在这篇评论中，我们回顾了Wnt蛋白的细胞外转运机制，并讨论了越来越多的证据表明，基于细胞线的Wnt在发育和干细胞生物学中的分布。我们还将讨论它们在Wnt信号在组织图案化过程中Wnt形态发生梯度的形成中的意义。摘要：Wnt形态原从起始细胞到受体细胞的运输尚不清楚。最近的证据表明，在胚胎发育过程中，Wnt沿着细胞质分布。这种传输方式对组织图案化过程中WNT形态发生场的形成有着深远的影响。
ABSTRACT Wnt signaling regulates a broad variety of processes during embryonic development and disease. A hallmark of the Wnt signaling pathway is the formation of concentration gradients by Wnt proteins across responsive tissues, which determines cell fate in invertebrates and vertebrates. To fulfill its paracrine function, trafficking of the Wnt morphogen from an origin cell to a recipient cell must be tightly regulated. A variety of models have been proposed to explain the extracellular transport of these lipid-modified signaling proteins in the aqueous extracellular space; however, there is still considerable debate with regard to which mechanisms allow the precise distribution of ligand in order to generate a morphogenetic gradient within growing tissue. Recent evidence suggests that Wnt proteins are distributed along signaling filopodia during vertebrate and invertebrate embryogenesis. Cytoneme-mediated transport has profound impact on our understanding of how Wnt signaling propagates through tissues and allows the formation of a precise ligand distribution in the recipient tissue during embryonic growth. In this Commentary, we review extracellular trafficking mechanisms for Wnt proteins and discuss the growing evidence of cytoneme-based Wnt distribution in development and stem cell biology. We will also discuss their implication for Wnt signaling in the formation of the Wnt morphogenetic gradient during tissue patterning. Summary: Trafficking of the Wnt morphogen from an origin cell to a recipient cell is unclear. Recent evidence suggests that Wnt is distributed along cytonemes during embryogenesis. Such a transport mode has profound impact on Wnt morphogenetic field formation during tissue patterning.