Coincident generation of pyramidal neurons and protoplasmic astrocytes in neocortical columns.
Coincident generation of pyramidal neurons and protoplasmic astrocytes in neocortical columns.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.3560-11.2012
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发表时间：
2012-04-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lois C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Magavi S;Friedmann D;Banks G;Stolfi A;Lois C
星形胶质细胞是大脑中最常见的细胞类型之一，对于从神经发育到钾稳态再到突触可塑性等过程至关重要。令人惊讶的是，新皮质中星形胶质细胞的发育起源仍然存在争议。为了研究新皮质中星形胶质细胞发育的模式，我们检查了转基因小鼠的皮质发育，其中随机、稀疏的神经祖细胞子集经历了 CRE/lox 重组，永久标记了它们的后代。我们证明新皮质中的神经祖细胞产生离散的柱状结构，其中包含投射神经元和原生质星形胶质细胞。我们系统中标记的百分之九十五的发育皮质柱包含星形胶质细胞和神经元。发育柱中标记细胞的星形胶质细胞与神经元的比例为1:7.4，与新皮质整个灰质的总体比例1:8.4相似，表明柱相关星形胶质细胞占新皮质中原生质星形胶质细胞的大部分。大多数标记柱包含多个星形胶质细胞簇。在胶质生成开始时，在神经元柱的底部发现了分裂细胞，随后在皮质层内发现了分裂细胞，这表明星形胶质细胞可以在柱内分布的机制。这些数据表明放射状胶质细胞是新皮质中神经元和星形胶质细胞的来源，并且这两种细胞类型在皮质发育过程中以空间受限的方式产生。
Astrocytes, one of the most common cell types in the brain, are essential for processes ranging from neural development through potassium homeostasis to synaptic plasticity. Surprisingly, the developmental origins of astrocytes in the neocortex are still controversial. To investigate the patterns of astrocyte development in the neocortex we examined cortical development in a transgenic mouse in which a random, sparse subset of neural progenitors undergoes CRE/lox recombination, permanently labeling their progeny. We demonstrate that neural progenitors in neocortex generate discrete columnar structures that contain both projection neurons and protoplasmic astrocytes. Ninety five percent of developmental cortical columns labeled in our system contained both astrocytes and neurons. The astrocyte to neuron ratio of labeled cells in a developmental column was 1:7.4, similar to the overall ratio of 1:8.4 across the entire grey matter of the neocortex, indicating that column-associated astrocytes account for the majority of protoplasmic astrocytes in neocortex. Most of the labeled columns contained multiple clusters of several astrocytes. Dividing cells were found at the base of neuronal columns at the beginning of gliogenesis, and later within the cortical layers, suggesting a mechanism by which astrocytes could be distributed within a column. These data indicate that radial glia are the source of both neurons and astrocytes in the neocortex, and that these two cell types are generated in a spatially restricted manner during cortical development.