Molecular regulation of effector and memory T cell differentiation.
Molecular regulation of effector and memory T cell differentiation.
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免疫记忆是适应性免疫的主要特征，也是疫苗接种策略的重要目标。在这里，我们重点介绍了对提供急性和长期感染保护的不同 T 淋巴细胞亚群的理解方面的进展。其中包括对转录因子的新见解，以及调节其对基因调控关键位点的可及性的上游“先锋”因子，以及有助于效应子和记忆子集分化的代谢调节因子；组织驻留记忆淋巴细胞的个体发育和定义特征；以及活化 T 细胞表现出的显着异质性的起源。总的来说，这些发现强调了在描绘控制 T 细胞反应多样化的潜在途径方面取得的进展，但也揭示了知识上的差距，以及应用这些知识通过疫苗接种和免疫治疗合理引发所需 T 细胞反应时出现的挑战。
Immunological memory is a cardinal feature of adaptive immunity and an important goal of vaccination strategies. Here we highlight advances in the understanding of the diverse T lymphocyte subsets that provide acute and long-term protection from infection. These include new insights into the transcription factors, and the upstream ‘pioneering’ factors that regulate their accessibility to key sites of gene regulation, as well as metabolic regulators that contribute to the differentiation of effector and memory subsets; ontogeny and defining characteristics of tissue-resident memory lymphocytes; and origins of the remarkable heterogeneity exhibited by activated T cells. Collectively, these findings underscore progress in delineating the underlying pathways that control diversification in T cell responses but also reveal gaps in the knowledge, as well as the challenges that arise in the application of this knowledge to rationally elicit desired T cell responses through vaccination and immunotherapy.