Inequality of Pension Arrangements Among Different Segments of the Labor Force in China
Inequality of Pension Arrangements Among Different Segments of the Labor Force in China
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/08959420.2012.735159
复制
发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Wu, Ling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Ling
今天，中国的老年人社会保障制度已经确立。然而，存在着诸如覆盖范围、可负担性、资金管理和腐败等实质性问题。本文旨在提供中国老年人社会保障体系的总体情况，并认为不同劳动力阶层之间养老金安排的不平等是挑战中国政府的最突出问题之一。本文从资金来源和养老金水平四个方面考察了养老金制度的不平等：(1)不同部门之间的制度安排不平等；(2)政府在养老金提供方面的支出不平衡；(3)城乡养老金水平差距扩大；(4)失业和个体经营者等未被覆盖群体。在社会主义向市场经济转型的背景下，历史、经济和政治原因都造成了这种不平等的制度。目前，中央政府迫切需要采取措施，将各种养老金安排纳入统一的养老保险，缩小地区之间的差距。
Social security for older people in China today has been established institutionally. However, there are substantial problems such as coverage, affordability, fund management, and corruption. This paper aims to provide a general picture of China's social security system for older people and to argue that the inequality of pension arrangements among different segments of the labor force is one of the most conspicuous problems challenging the Chinese government. Four unequal aspects of the pension system concerning the financing resources and pension levels are examined in this paper: (1) unequal institutional arrangements among different sectors, (2) unbalanced governmental expenditure in pension provision, (3) an increasing gap in pension levels between urban and rural areas, and (4) uncovered groups such as the unemployed and self-employed. Historical, economic, and political reasons all contribute to this unequal institution under transition from socialism to a market-oriented economy. At present, it is urgent for the central government to take measures to integrate the various pension arrangements into the unified Old Age Insurance and to reduce the gaps among different regions.