Energy Use, Loss, and Opportunities Analysis for U.S. Manufacturing and Mining
Energy Use, Loss, and Opportunities Analysis for U.S. Manufacturing and Mining
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DOI：
10.2172/1218707
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发表时间：
2004-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Pellegrino;N. Margolis;M. Justiniano;Melanie J. Miller;Arvind Thedki
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Pellegrino;N. Margolis;M. Justiniano;Melanie J. Miller;Arvind Thedki
美国工业部门每年消耗美国总能源的三分之一（约33 quads），其中大部分是化石燃料，成本超过1000亿美元（DOE 2004，DOE 2001）。提高能源效率是减少工业能源负担的一种方法。低于最佳能源效率意味着在使用设备时，并非所有的能量都转化为有用功-一些能量作为损失的能量释放出来，可以回收。制造业和采矿业的能源损失相当于四分之一的能源和每年数十亿美元的收入损失。为了确定提高能源效率和减少能源损失的最重要机会，进行了一项研究，以确定工业在何处以及如何使用能源-使用了多少，哪些行业使用最多，损失了多少，有多少直接用于工艺，以及在何处可以回收或减少能源损失。该研究涵盖16个工业部门，并利用制造业能源消费调查，文献来源和行业专家的数据。本文总结了最近发表的关于美国制造业和采矿业能源使用、损失和机会分析的研究结果（Pellegrino等人，2004年）。行业能源使用排名包括一次能源使用、燃料和电力、现场发电、蒸汽和燃烧系统以及其他主要功能能源使用类别。为所有行业创建能源“足迹”，说明从厂外公用设施到工厂边界以及整个工厂到功能区域的能源流。这项研究为确定减少能源使用的机会窗口提供了一个诊断工具。
The U.S. industrial sector uses about a third of the total energy consumed in the United States every year (~33 quads), most of it fossil fuels, at a cost of over $100 billion (DOE 2004, DOE 2001). Increasing energy efficiency is one way to reduce the industrial energy burden. Less than optimum energy efficiency means that as equipment is used, not all of the energy is converted to useful work – some is released as lost energy that could be recovered. Energy losses in manufacturing and mining amount to quads of energy and billions of dollars in lost revenues every year. To identify the most significant opportunities for increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy losses, a study was conducted to determine where and how industry is using energy – how much is used, which industries are using the most, how much is lost, how much goes directly to processes, and where energy losses could potentially be recovered or reduced. The study covers 16 industrial sectors, and utilizes data from the Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey, literature sources, and industry experts. This paper summarizes the results of the recently published study on Energy Use, Loss, and Opportunities Analysis for U.S. Manufacturing and Mining (Pellegrino et al. 2004). Industry energy use rankings are presented for primary energy use, fuel and power, onsite power generation, steam and fired systems, and other major functional energy use categories. Energy “footprints” are created for all industries, illustrating energy flows from offsite utilities to the plant boundary and throughout the plant to functional areas. The study provides a diagnostic tool for identifying windows of opportunity for reducing energy use.